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For more information, see the
5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, which is available at the Reference desk in the McNeese
Library, and the APA Style Guide to Electronic References, which can be
downloaded (for a fee) on the American Psychological Association's website,
www.apa.org. The APA Style Guide to
Electronic References updates as well as supplements the 5th edition of APA's Publication Manual.
Format of the List of References
(pp. 219-220, 222, 299 & 313, APA's Publication Manual):
The list of references is a list of the sources used in writing the paper.
APA's Publication Manual explains the format of this list: "Start the
reference list on a new page. Type the word References...in uppercase and
lowercase letters, centered, at the top of the page. Double-space
all reference entries... APA...[uses] a hanging indent format, meaning the first
line of each reference is set flush left and subsequent lines are indented." (p.
299) "Arrange entries in alphabetical order by the...[author's last name]..."
(p. 219) "One-author entries by the same author are arranged by year of
publication, the earliest [year] first." (p. 220) "If there is no author, the
title moves to the author position, and the entry is alphabetized by the first
significant word in the title." (p. 222)
Note:
The following examples of reference list
citations are single-spaced, but APA Style
entries are
double-spaced: "Double-space between all lines..."
(APA's Publication Manual,
p. 286). APA's Publication Manual also states:
"When
single-spacing would improve readability, however, it is
usually encouraged. Single-spacing can be used for table
titles and headings, figure captions, references (but
double-spacing is required between references)..." (APA's
Publication Manual, p. 326):
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Hyperlinked Table of Contents
(Click on
each part to go directly to the example):
Books
Book
Book (No Author or Editor Given)
Book with an Editor
Book with Two or More Editors
Chapter in a Book
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
E-Resources
Article from a Journal in a Library Database
Article in an Internet-Only Journal
Book Review in a Library Database
Chapter in an E-Book
E-Book
Essay in a Library Database
Internet Site
Government Document Online
Master's Thesis Retrieved from a Database
ERIC Documents
Government Documents in Print
Congressional Hearing
Report Available from the Government Printing Office
Report Not Available from the Government Printing Office
Journals in Print
Journal Article with More than Six Authors
Journal Article with One Author
Journal Article with Two to Six Authors
Master's Theses
Personal Communications
Videos
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Books:
Book
(p. 223, APA's
Publication Manual):
"Capitalize only the first word of the title and of the
subtitle...and any proper nouns..." (p. 226)
The Form:
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date). Title.
Location:
Publisher.
An Example:
Kernberg, O. F. (1992). Aggression in personality
disorders and
perversions. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press.
Book (No Author or Editor Given)
(p. 249, APA's Publication Manual):
"Place the title in the author position. Alphabetize books with no
author or editor by the first significant word of the title..."
An Example:
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th
ed.).
(1993). Springfield, MA:
Merriam-Webster.
Book with an Editor (p.
224, APA's Publication Manual):
An Example:
Marks, D. (Ed.). (2002). The health psychology
reader.
London: Sage.
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Book with Two or More Editors
(p. 249, APA's Publication
Manual):
An Example:
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (Eds.). (2002).
Perfectionism:
Theory, research, and
treatment. Washington, D.C.:
American Psychological
Association.
Chapter in a Book (p.
226, APA's Publication Manual):
"Capitalize only the first word of the title and of the
subtitle...and any proper nouns..."
The Form:
Chapter author's last name, Initial. (Date). Title of
chapter. In Editor's
Initials and Last Name (Ed.),
Title of book
(Page Numbers for the Chapter).
Location: Publisher.
An Example:
Levner, L. (2000). The three-career family. In P. Papp
(Ed.), Couples on the
fault line: New directions for
therapists (pp.
29-47). New York: Guilford.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(p. 250, APA's Publication Manual):
Note that the American Psychiatric Association "is both author
and publisher," (p. 250), so the word "Author" is used for the
publisher after the location:
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic
and
statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR
(4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
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E-Resources:
"The date an electronic source was retrieved is
important if the content you are citing is likely to be changed or updated. When
no fixed publication date, edition, or version...can be cited, the retrieval
date offers a snapshot of the content at the time of your research. For undated
or otherwise changeable content...include the retrieval date. No retrieval date is necessary for content
that is not likely to be changed or updated, such as a journal article or book."
(APA Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 2)
Article from a Journal in a Library Database
(APA Style Guide to
Electronic References, pp.
7-8, & 10):
"For journal articles always
include the journal issue number (if available) along with the volume
number...This change in reference style from the fifth edition of the Publication
Manual is intended to make the format for journal article
references more consistent." (APA Style Guide to Electronic
References, p. 2)
"With the exception of hard-to-find books and other
documents of limited circulation delivered by electronic
databases, the database name is no longer a necessary element
of the reference. This change is made in the interest of
simplifying reference format. If you do include the database
name in a reference, do not include the database URL." (APA
Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 3)
The APA Style Guide to Electronic References
(p. 4) further explains: "Give the
home or menu page URL
for works whose full text is accessible by subscription only"
(such as an article from a library database).
"Use 'Available from' instead of 'Retrieved from' when the URL leads to
information on how to obtain the cited material rather than to the material
itself." (APA Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 10)
The Form
(APA Style Guide to Electronic References, pp.
7-8, & 10):
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date). Title of
article. Journal Name,
Volume Number(Issue
Number), Page Numbers.
Available from URL
An Example from "PsycINFO"
database:
Buzi,
R. S., Weinman, M. L., & Smith, P. B. (2007).
The relationship between adolescent
depression
and a history of sexual abuse.
Adolescence, 42(168),
679-688.
Available from
http://search.ebscohost.com
An Example from "PsycINFO" database
with a DOI*:
(APA Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 7)
*See the note below about a
DOI
Marziano, V., Ward, T., & Beech, A. R. (2006).
Identification of five
fundamental implicit theories
underlying cognitive
distortions in child abusers: A
preliminary study.
Psychology, Crime & Law, 12(1),
97-105.
doi:10.1080/10683160500056887
Note: The article in the previous example has a
DOI, but not all articles
have a DOI. "When a
DOI is available, include the
DOI instead of the URL in the reference." (APA Style Guide
to Electronic References, p. 3) Note: The DOI for
the article in the example above was found by clicking on the article title
and looking on the left side of the screen for "Digital Object
Identifier"---the DOI followed the Title, Author, Source, Publisher, and ISSN
Number.
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DOI ("DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER"):
"All content on the Internet is prone to being moved,
restructured, or deleted, resulting in broken hyperlinks and
nonworking URLs in the reference list. In an attempt to
resolve this problem, many scholarly publishers have begun
assigning a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) to journal
articles and other documents. A DOI is a unique
alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency to
identify content and provide a persistent link to its location
on the Internet. When a DOI is available,
include the DOI instead of the URL in the reference." (APA Style Guide
to Electronic References, pp. 2-3)
Article in an Internet-Only Journal
(APA Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 7):
"For
journal articles always include the journal issue number (if
available) along with the volume number...This change in
reference style from the fifth edition of the Publication
Manual is intended to make the format for journal article
references more consistent." (APA Style Guide to Electronic
References, p. 2)
The Form:
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date). Title of
article. Journal Name, Volume
Number(Issue
Number), Page Numbers.
Retrieved from URL
for the Article
An Example:
Mutimer, A., Reece, J., & Matthews, J. (2007).
Child resilience:
Relationships between stress,
adaptation, and family
functioning. E-Journal
of Applied Psychology, 3(1),
16-25. Retrieved
from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/
article/view/76/104
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Book Review in a Library Database
(APA Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 14):
"Use 'Available from' instead of 'Retrieved from' when the
URL leads to information on how to obtain the cited material
rather than to the material itself." (APA Style Guide to
Electronic References, p. 10).
The Form for PsycCRITIQUES database:
Reviewer's Last Name, Initials.
(Date of Review). Title
of review if there is
one [Review of the book Title
of the book].
PsycCRITIQUES, Volume Number
(Issue Number). Available
from URL
An Example from "PsycCRITIQUES"
database:
Stroschein, C. Y.
(2008).
Treatment guidelines: Clinical
manual addresses the whole picture of eating
disorders [Review of
Clinical manual of eating
disorders]. PsycCRITIQUES,
53(2). Available from
http://search.ebscohost.com/
Note: If you use a DOI in the example above, replace
"Available from http://search.ebscohost.com/" with
"doi:10.1037/a0009820"
Note: In the example above, PsycCRITIQUES was accessed through the
library. PsycCRITIQUES is one of the library's EBSCOhost
databases. The URL given in the example is the menu page URL for
EBSCOhost databases. (In contrast, the example in the APA Style Guide to Electronic
References is for accessing PsycCRITIQUES through APA's website.)
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Chapter in an E-Book (APA
Style Guide to
Electronic References, p. 10):
The Form for a Chapter in an E-Book from "NetLibrary":
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date). Title of Essay or
Chapter. In Editor's
Initials and Last Name (Ed.), Title
of book (Volume Number if it is a Multivolume Work,
Page Numbers of Essay or
Chapter). Retrieved from
NetLibrary database.
An Example:
Asarnow, J. R., Tompson, M. C., & Berk, M. S. (2005).
Adolescent depression:
Family-focused treatment
analysis. In W. M. Pinsof
& J. Lebow (Eds.), Family
psychology: The art of
the science (pp. 425-450).
Retrieved from NetLibrary
database.
"The database name is included in the reference to aid readers
in finding an electronic version... because it may be
difficult to find in print." (APA
Style Guide to Electronic
References, p. 10) "If you do include the database name in
a reference, do not include the database URL." (APA
Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 3)
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E-Book
(APA Style
Guide to Electronic References, p.10):
The Form for an E-Book from "NetLibrary":
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date). Title.
Retrieved
from NetLibrary database.
An Example:
Costin, C. (1999). The eating disorder sourcebook: A
comprehensive guide to
the causes, treatment,
and prevention of eating
disorders. Retrieved from
NetLibrary database.
"The database name is included in the reference to aid readers
in finding an electronic version... because it may be
difficult to find in print." (APA
Style Guide to Electronic
References, p. 10) "If you do include the database name in
a reference, do not include the database URL." (APA
Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 3)
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Essay in a Library Database
(APA Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 10):
Note: There is currently no information on how to cite an
essay in a library database in APA style, so the following
example is a modification of APA's information for citing a
chapter or essay in an e-book. In the example below, no
author or editor's name is available, so the essay is cited
with the information which is available:
An Example from "Biography Resource Center":
(1998). B. F. Skinner. In American Decades.
Retrieved from Biography
Resource Center
database.
"The database name is included in the reference to aid readers
in finding an electronic version... because it may be
difficult to find in print." (APA
Style Guide to Electronic
References, p. 10) "If you do include the database name in
a reference, do not include the database URL." (APA
Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 3)
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Government Document Online
(p. 279, APA's Publication
Manual, and APA Style Guide
to Electronic References, p. 2):
"When
no fixed publication date, edition, or version...can be cited...include the retrieval date." (APA Style Guide to Electronic
References, p. 2) Note: In the following example,
the publication date is known (2007, July), so it is not
necessary to write the retrieval date after "Retrieved":
An Example of a Government Report
Online
(found by searching GPO Access):
Larence, E. R. (2007, July).
Services provided to
victims of domestic
violence, sexual assault,
dating violence, and
stalking (GAO-07-846R
Domestic Violence
Services). Retrieved from
U. S. Government
Accountability Office via
GPO Access:
http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/
LPS85802
See the example below which has a retrieval date:
Internet Site (Article or Essay from a Website)
(APA Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 23):
"The date an electronic source was retrieved is
important if the content you are citing is likely to be
changed or updated..." (APA Style Guide to Electronic
References, p. 2)
The Form:
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date or n.d. if No Date
is Given). Title of
Article or Essay. Retrieved Date,
from URL for Article or
Essay
An Example:
Dvoretsky, D. P. (n.d.). History: Pavlov Institute
of
Physiology of the Russian
Academy of Sciences.
Retrieved January 27,
2007, from
http://www.infran.
ru/history_eng.htm
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Master's
Thesis Retrieved from a Database
(APA Style
Guide to Electronic References, pp. 10-11):
"The database name is included in the reference, followed
by the accession number, if one is assigned." (APA Style Guide to
Electronic References, p. 11)
The Form:
Author's Last Name, Initials.
(Date). Title of
thesis. Retrieved from Database Name.
(Accession number if given)
An Example:
McNiel, D. S. (2006). Meaning through narrative:
A personal narrative
discussing growing up with
an alcoholic mother.
Retrieved from ProQuest
Digital Dissertations. (AAT 1434728)
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ERIC Documents:
"Give the ERIC number in parentheses at the end of the entry."
(p. 257, APA's Publication Manual)
An
Example:
Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs:
Investigating the teacher
tales that novice
teachers bring with them
(Report No. NCRTL-RR-
92-4). East Lansing, MI:
National Center for
Research on Teacher
Learning. (ERIC Document
Reproduction Service No.
ED346082)
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Government Documents in Print:
Congressional Hearing
- 2 Examples
(pp. 405-406, APA's Publication Manual):
An Example of a Full Congressional Hearing
(APA's Publication Manual, p. 406):
Urban America's need for social services to
strengthen families:
Hearing before the
Subcommittee on Human
Resources of the
Committee on Ways and
Means, House of
Representatives, 102d
Cong., 1 (1992).
In the example above, the "1" following the session of
Congress is the starting page number of the hearing. (p. 406, APA's
Publication Manual)
An Example of Testimony at a Hearing
(APA's Publication Manual, p. 405):
RU486: The import ban and its effect on
medical research:
Hearings before the
Subcommittee on
Regulation, Business
Opportunities, and
Energy, of the House
Committee on Small
Business, 101st Cong.,
35 (1990) (testimony of
Ronald Chesemore).
In the example above, the testimony is "located beginning on
page 35..." (p. 406, APA's Publication Manual)
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Report Available from the Government Printing
Office
(Government Institute as Group Author in this Example)
( pp. 256-257, APA's Publication Manual):
"Government documents available from GPO [Government
Printing Office] should show GPO
as the publisher." (p. 257, APA's Publication Manual)
An Example:
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990).
Clinical training in
serious mental illness (DHHS
Publication No. ADM
90-1679). Washington, DC:
U.S. Government Printing
Office.
Report Not Available from the Government Printing Office
(p. 257, APA's Publication Manual):
An
Example:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
(1992). Pressure
ulcers in adults: Prediction and
prevention (AHCPR
Publication No. 92-0047).
Rockville, MD: Author.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
See also
Government Document Online
Journals in Print:
"For
journal articles always include the journal issue number (if
available) along with the volume number...This change in
reference style from the fifth edition of the Publication
Manual is intended to make the format for journal article
references more consistent." (APA Style Guide to Electronic
References, p. 2)
Journal Article with More than Six
Authors
(pp. 240-241, APA's Publication Manual,
and
APA Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 2):
"After the sixth author's name
and initial, use et al. to indicate the remaining authors of
the article." (p. 241, APA's Publication Manual)
An Example:
Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J.,
Coatsworth, D., Lengua,
L., et al. (2000). An
experimental evaluation
of theory-based mother
and mother-child programs
for children of divorce.
Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology, 68(5),
843-856.
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Journal Article with One Author
(p. 240, APA's
Publication Manual, and APA Style Guide
to
Electronic
References, p. 2):
The Form:
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date). Title of
article. Journal Name,
Volume Number(Issue
Number), Page Numbers.
An Example:
Gold, J. M. (2006). Exploring marital satisfaction
among graduate students:
Implications for
service delivery. The
Family Journal, 14(4),
417-419.
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Journal Article with Two to Six
Authors
(p. 240, APA's Publication
Manual, and APA Style
Style Guide to Electronic References, p. 2):
The Form:
Authors' Last Names and Initials. Title of Article.
Journal Name, Volume
Number(Issue Number),
Page Numbers.
An Example:
Contrino, K. M., Dermen, K. H., & Nochajski, T. H.
Compliance and learning
in an intervention
program for
partner-violent men. Journal of
Interpersonal Violence,
22(12), 1555-1566.
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Master's Theses:
(p. 262,
APA's Publication Manual)
An Example:
Myers, K. H. (2004). Juvenile recidivism: An
investigation into the
reduction of future law
violations of incarcerated youth in Louisiana.
Unpublished master's
thesis, McNeese State
University, Lake Charles,
Louisiana.
See also
Master's Thesis Retrieved from a Database
Personal Communications:
(Personal Interviews, Email, Letters, etc.)
"Personal communications may be letters, memos, some electronic
communications (e.g., e-mail or messages from nonarchived discussion groups or
electronic bulletin boards), personal interviews, telephone conversations, and
the like. Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications
are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communications in
the text only. Give the initials as well as the
[last name] of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible." (p.
214, APA's Publication Manual)
An Example:
(T. J. Kemp, personal communication, April 18, 2001)
Videos:
(p. 266, APA's Publication Manual)
An Example:
Tuthill, Oliver W. (Writer/Director/Producer).
(1999).
Understanding the six
forms of emotional child
abuse
[Motion picture]. (Available from Aquarius
Health Care Media, 18
North Main Street, Sherborn,
MA 01770)
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"Reference Citations
in Text" :
"Document your [sources]
throughout the text by citing by author and date the works you
used in your research. This style of citation briefly
identifies the source for readers and enables them to locate
the source of information in the alphabetical reference list
at the end of the article [or paper]." (p. 207, APA's
Publication Manual)
Citing Part of a Source
Group as Author
No Author Given
One Author
Six or More Authors
Three-Five Authors
Two Authors
Two Authors with the Same Last Name
Citing Part of a Source:
"To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the page,
chapter, figure, table, or equation at the appropriate point
in text. Always give page numbers for quotations..." (p. 213,
APA's Publication Manual)
An Example:
(Knupfer, 2001, p. 53)
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Group as Author:
"The names of groups that serve as authors (e.g.,
corporations, associations, government agencies, and study
groups) are usually spelled out each time they appear in a
text citation. The names of some group authors...are spelled
out in the first citation and abbreviated thereafter. In
deciding whether to abbreviate the name of a group author, use
the general rule that you need to give enough information in
the text citation for the reader to locate the entry in the
reference list without difficulty." (pp. 209-210, APA's
Publication Manual)
An Example of a First Text Citation:
(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1999)
Subsequent Text Citations for the Example Above:
(NIMH, 1999)
An Example of a Group Which is Not Abbreviated:
(University of Pittsburgh, 1993)
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No Author Given:
"When a work has no author, cite in text the first few words
of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year.
Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or
chapter, and italicize the title of a periodical, book,
brochure, or report." (pp. 210-11, APA's Publication
Manual)
An Example of an Article or Chapter Title:
("Study Finds," 1982)
An Example of a Book:
(College Bound Seniors, 1979)
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One Author:
"...the [last name] of the author...and the year of
publication are inserted in the text at the appropriate
point." (p. 207, APA's Publication Manual)
The Form:
(Author's Last Name, Year Published)
An Example:
(Walker, 2000)
"If the name of the author appears as part of the
narrative...cite only the year of publication in parentheses."
(p. 207, APA's Publication Manual)
An Example:
"Walker (2000) compared..."
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Six or More Authors:
"...cite only the [last name] of the first author followed by
et al. (not italicized and with a period after "al") and the
year for the first and subsequent citations. (In the reference
list, however, provide the initials and [last names] of the
first six authors, and shorten any remaining authors to et
al." (p. 209, APA's Publication Manual)
Three-Five Authors:
"In parenthetical material...join the names by an
ampersand (&)." (p. 209, APA's Publication Manual)
"When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all
authors the first time the reference occurs..." (p. 208,
APA's Publication Manual)
An Example of a First Reference with 3-5 Authors:
(Stewart, Donaghey, & Deary, 2008)
"...in subsequent citations, include only the [last name] of
the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and with a
period after 'al') and the year if it is the first citation of
the reference within a paragraph." (p. 208, APA's
Publication Manual)
An Example of a Subsequent Reference with 3-5
Authors:
(Stewart et al., 2008)
"Omit year from subsequent citations after
the first citation within a paragraph." (p. 208, APA's
Publication Manual):
(Steward et al.)
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Two Authors:
"When a work has
two authors, always cite both names every time the reference
occurs in the text." (p. 208, APA's Publication Manual)
An Example:
(Schmidt & Bagwell, 2007)
"Join the names in a multiple-author citation in running text
by the word and. In parenthetical material, in tables
and captions, and in the reference list, join the names by an
ampersand (&)." (p. 209, APA's Publication Manual)
An Example in Running Text:
"Schmidt and Bagwell (2007) found..."
An Example in a Parenthetical Citation:
(Schmidt & Bagwell, 2007)
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Two Authors with the Same Last Name:
If you have two or more authors with the same last name,
"include the first author's initials in all text citations,
even if the year of publication differs. Initials help the
reader to avoid confusion within the text and to locate the
entry in the list of references..." (p. 211, APA's
Publication Manual)
An Example of Single Authors with the Same
Last Name in Running Text:
"R. D. Luce (1959) and P. A. Luce (1986) also..."
An Example of Two First Authors with the Same
Last Name in Running Text:
"J. M. Goldberg and Neff (1961) and M. E. Goldberg and
Wurtz (1972) studied..."
Note: In the example above, note that you provide only
the last name for both second authors (Neff and Wurtz, in this
example). For both first authors---the ones with the
same last name---provide their initials, as well.
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Margins, Page Numbers, Spacing,
& Title Page:
Margins:
"Leave
uniform margins of at least 1 in. at the top, bottom, left,
and right of every page."
(p. 286,
APA's Publication Manual)
Page Numbers:
"...number [the pages]
consecutively, beginning with the title page. Number all
pages...in the upper right-hand corner. The number should
appear at least 1 in. from the right-hand edge of the page, in
the space between the top edge of the paper and the first line
of text." (p. 288, APA's Publication Manual) "Pages
occasionally are separated...so identify each...page...with
the first two or three words from the title in the upper
right-hand corner above or five spaces to the left of the page
number. (Do not use your name to identify each page...)" (p.
288, APA's Publication Manual)
Spacing:
"Double-spacing means
leaving one full-size line blank between each line of type on
the page. Double-space between all lines..." (p. 286, APA's
Publication Manual) "When single-spacing would improve
readability, however, it is usually encouraged. Single-spacing
can be used for table titles and headings, figure captions,
references (but double-spacing is required between
references), footnotes, and long quotations." (p. 326, APA's
Publication Manual)
Title Page:
Note: There are 3 parts to the Title
Page:
1.
PAGE HEADER
2.
RUNNING HEAD
3.
TITLE (which includes the
author and the place)
PAGE HEADER:
"Identify the title page with
a...page header [which is the first two or three words of the
title and is positioned in the right-hand corner five spaces
to the left of the page number] and the page number 1, placed
in the right-hand corner of the page." (p. 296, APA's
Publication Manual).
Example of a Page Header
(p. 306, APA's Publication Manual):
Individual Differences 1
Note: The example above
would be positioned on the right-hand side of the page,
not on the left-hand side.
RUNNING HEAD:
APA's Publication Manual explains there is a
"running head" (as well as a page header and a title) on the title
page: "An abbreviated title [is] used as a running head...Type the running head flush left at the
top of the title page (but below the...page header) in all
upper case letters." (p. 296, APA's Publication Manual)
Example of a Running Head
(p. 306, APA's Publication Manual):
Running head: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: BIMODAL
TITLE:
APA's Publication Manual
then explains how to do the title: "Type the title in uppercase
and lowercase letters, centered between the left and right
margins and positioned in the upper half of the page. If the
title is two or more lines, double-space between the lines.
Type [your name]...centered between the side margins, one
double-spaced line below the title...Type the [university
name], centered under the author's name, on the next
double-spaced line." (p. 296, APA's Publication Manual).
Example of a Title (p. 306, APA's Publication Manual):
Individual Differences:
Bimodal Processing and Text Recall
Bruce R. Dunn and Kate I. Rush
University of West Florida
Note: Each line should
be centered on the page. In the example above, the title
is on the first two lines, the authors are on the next line (so your name
should be under your paper's title), and the last line is the name of the university
(so, in your paper, the university name would be McNeese State University). APA's Publication
Manual (p. 296) states that the title portion of the title
page is "positioned in the upper half of the page."
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This page last updated on
April 29, 2008
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