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Chicago Style:
Notes-Bibliography Style*
Books
E-Resources
Government Documents
Journals
in Print Unpublished
Sources
Videos
Margins,
Page Numbers, Spacing, & Title Page
*See also an alternate
citation style:
Parenthetical
Citations-Reference List Style
For more
information, see the 7th edition of Turabian's Manual for
Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago
Style for Students and Researchers, and the 15th edition
of the Chicago Manual of Style, which are available at
the Reference desk in the McNeese Library. The page numbers
cited in the examples on this webpage are from Turabian's
Manual unless noted otherwise.
Notes:
"Whenever you refer to or
otherwise use material from a source, you must insert into
your text a superscript number that directs your reader to a
note that gives bibliographical information about that source."
(p. 151) "Number notes consecutively, beginning with 1."
(p. 152)
The notes inserted in the text of your research paper are then
listed after the end of your paper's text:
"Endnotes should be listed together after the end of the
text...but before the bibliography. Start each note on a new
line, with a blank line between notes. Label the list Notes."
(pp. 152-53) "Indent...endnotes as you would
a paragraph." (p. 152)
"In some fields, your instructor may expect you to give full
bibliographical data in each note, but in most you can give a
complete citation the first time you cite a work and a
shortened one in subsequent notes." (p. 154) In the following
example of a subsequent (shortened) note for a book, the
components are the note number, the author's last name, and the
page number for the passage being cited.
An Example of a
SUBSEQUENT (SHORTENED) NOTE:
4. Girard, 52.
Bibliography:
A
bibliography is arranged differently from the list of your
notes:
"A bibliography is normally a single list of
all sources arranged alphabetically by the last name of the
author, editor, or whoever is first in each entry." (p. 148)
"If you are using bibliography-style citations, you will
probably include a bibliography in the back matter.
Label the first page of this element Bibliography at the top
of the page...Leave two blank lines between the title and the
first item listed..." (p. 404) Each item in the bibliography
"should be single-spaced internally but with a blank line
between items" (p. 375)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Examples: Notes-Bibliography Style:
(Click on each to go to an example)
Books:
BOOK (MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR)
BOOK (ONE AUTHOR)
BOOK W/ AUTHOR & EDITOR OR TRANSLATOR
BOOK W/ EDITOR(S)
CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK
MULTIVOLUME WORK
REFERENCE BOOK
REPRINT (FOR EX., A LATER PAPERBACK
EDITION)
REVISED (LATER) EDITION
SACRED WORK (BIBLE, QUR'AN, ETC.)
TWO OR MORE WORKS BY ONE AUTHOR
E-Resources:
ARTICLE IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
BLOG
BOOK REVIEW IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
DISSERTATION IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
E-BOOK
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ONLINE
MULTIMEDIA FILE
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE ONLINE
WEB SITE
Government Documents:
CONGRESSIONAL BILL OR RESOLUTION
CONGRESSIONAL HEARING
CONGRESSIONAL REPORT OR DOCUMENT
GOVT. AGENCY OR DEPT.'S PUBLICATION
PRESIDENTIAL PUBLICATION
TREATY
U.S. CONSTITUTION
U.S. STATUTE
U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISION
Journals in Print:
ARTICLE IN A PRINT JOURNAL
BOOK REVIEW IN A PRINT JOURNAL
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE IN PRINT
Unpublished Sources:
DISSERTATION OR THESIS IN PRINT
INTERVIEW
LECTURE OR PAPER AT A MEETING
LETTER
Videos
Books: Notes-Bibliography Style:
BOOK (MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR)
"In a note, for a book
with more than one author, list all names in standard order.
Use a comma before the and in a series
of three..." (p. 163)
The Form of a
NOTE for
Two or Three Authors:
Note Number. Authors' Names, Title of Book
(Place
of
Publication: Publisher,
Date), Pages Cited.
An Example:
5.
John Ashton Cannon and Ralph Griffiths, The
Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy
(New
York: Oxford University Press, 1988),
12.
If there are four or more authors, list only the first
author's name followed by et al..." (p. 163) See
the following example:
An Example
with
Four or More Authors
(p. 163):
8.
Jacquelyn Dowd Hall et al., Like a Family: The
Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World
(Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, 1987),
114-15.
"In a bibliography
entry, list the first author's name in inverted order,
followed by a comma, and list the rest of the authors in
standard order. Include all authors, no matter how many..." (p. 163) See the following example:
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(p. 163):
Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd, James
Leloudis, Robert Korstad,
Mary Murphy, Lu Ann Jones, and Christopher B. Daly.
Like a Family: The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill
World. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
1987.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
BOOK
(ONE AUTHOR) (p. 162)
The Form
of a
NOTE for a Book (One
Author):
Note Number. Author, Title of Book (Place of
Publication: Publisher, Date), Pages
Cited.
An Example:
1. Philippe R. Girard, Paradise Lost: Haiti's
Tumultuous
Journey from Pearl of the Caribbean to Third World Hot
Spot (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 14.
The Form
for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 163):
Author. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher,
Date of
Publication.
An Example:
Girard, Philippe R. Paradise Lost: Haiti's
Tumultuous
Journey from Pearl of the
Caribbean to Third
World Hot Spot. New
York: Palgrave MacMillan,
2005.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
BOOK W/ AUTHOR & EDITOR OR TRANSLATOR
"Add the editor or translator's
name after the book's title. If there is a translator as well
as an editor, list the names in the same order as on the title
page..." (p. 163)
An Example
of a NOTE (p. 164):
10. Theodor W. Adorno and
Walter Benjamin, The
Complete Correspondence, 1928-1940, ed. Henri
Lonitz,
trans. Nicholas Walker (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University
Press, 1999), 212.
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 164):
Adorno, Theodor W., and Walter Benjamin.
The
Complete Correspondence,
1928-1940. Edited by
Henri Lonitz. Translated by Nicholas Walker.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
BOOK W/ EDITOR(S)
"When an editor or a translator is listed on a book's title
page instead of an author, use that person's name in the
author's slot...but add the abbreviation ed. (plural,
eds.) or trans. (singular or plural) following the
name." (p. 164)
An Example of a NOTE (p. 164):
4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert
J. Raboteau, eds.,
African-American Religion: Interpretive Essays in
History
and Culture (New York: Routledge, 1997), 412-14.
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 164):
Fulop, Timothy E., and Albert J. Raboteau, eds.
African-American
Religion: Interpretive Essays in
History and Culture.
New York: Routledge, 1997.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK
The Form
of a
NOTE (p. 144):
Note Number. Chapter
Author, "Title of Chapter," in
Title of Book, ed. Editor's Name (Place of Publication:
Publisher, Date of Publication), Pages Cited.
An Example (p. 144):
15. Anne Whiston Spirn,
"Constructing Nature: The
Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted," in Uncommon
Ground:
Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, ed. William
Cronon
(New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1996), 101.
The Form for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(p. 145):
Author of Chapter. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book,
edited by Editor's
Name, Page Numbers of Chapter.
Place of Publication: Publisher,
Date of Publication.
An Example (p 145):
Spirn, Anne Whiston. "Constructing Nature: The Legacy
of Frederick Law Olmsted."
In Uncommon Ground:
Rethinking the Human
Place in Nature,
edited by
William
Cronon, 91-113. New York: W.W.
Norton and
Company, 1996.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
MULTIVOLUME WORK
(Chicago Manual of Style)
"Citing a particular volume in a note.
If a particular volume of a
multivolume work is cited, the volume number and the
individual volume title, if there is one, are given in
addition to the general title...[and] only the date of the cited volume is
given." (Chicago Manual of Style,
p. 667) See the 2 examples below.
In the following
example, the volume cited---volume 2---has its own individual
title, Theory of Gene Frequencies. The date cited
is the date when volume 2 was published. The citation
ends with the page number cited.
An Example of a
NOTE when
Citing a Particular
Volume
with an Individual Title
(Chicago
Manual
of Style,
p. 667):
37. Sewell Wright, Evolution
and the Genetics of
Populations, vol. 2, Theory of Gene Frequencies
(Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1969), 129.
In the following example, only volume 4 is cited, and it does
not have an individual title. The number after the colon is
the page number cited.
An Example of a NOTE
when Citing a Particular
Volume without an
Individual
Title
(Chicago
of Style,
p. 667):
36. Muriel St. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters
(Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1981), 4:243.
In the following example for a bibliography, the volume
cited---volume 1---is entitled The Emergence of the
Catholic Tradition:
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY when
Citing a
Particular Volume
(Chicago Manual of Style,
p. 667):
Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian
Tradition: A History of
of the
Development of Doctrine. Vol. 1, The Emergence
of
the Catholic Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press,
1971.
"When a multivolume work is
cited as whole, the total number of volumes is given after the
title of the work (or, if an editor as well as an author is
mentioned, after the editor's name). If the volumes have been
published over several years, the range of years is given." (Chicago
Manual of Style, p. 666) See
the following example:
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY when
Citing the
Multivolume Work
as a Whole (Chicago
Manual of
Style,
p. 666):
Aristotle. Complete Works of
Aristotle: The Revised
Oxford Translation.
Edited by J. Barnes. 2 vols.
Bollingen Series. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press,
1983.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
REFERENCE BOOK
"Well-known reference
works, such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias, should
usually be cited only in notes." (p. 191)
See the following example
of a less well known reference work, which is cited in
both a note and a bibliography:
An Example of a NOTE:
3. Walter Laquer and Judith
Taylor Baumel, eds.,
The Holocaust Encyclopedia
(New Haven: Yale University
Press, 2001), 32-33.
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Laquer, Walter, and Judith Taylor Baumel, eds. The
Holocaust Encyclopedia.
New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2001.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
REPRINT (FOR EX., A PAPERBACK)
"A book may...be
reissued in a new format---for example, in a paperback
edition... cite the reprint edition if you consulted it." (p.
171)
An Example of a NOTE (p. 171):
23. Peter Ward
Fay, The Opium War, 1840-1842 (1975;
repr., Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina
Press, 1997),
67-68.
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 171):
Fay, Peter Ward. The Opium War, 1840-1842. 1975.
Reprint, Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina
Press, 1997.
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
REVISED (LATER) EDITION
"Include the
publication date only of the edition you are citing, not of
any previous editions." (p. 171)
An Example
of a NOTE (p. 171):
1. Paul J. Bolt, Damon V. Coletta, and Collins G.
Shackelford Jr., American Defense Policy, 8th
ed.
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005),
157-58.
An
Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY
(p. 171):
Babb, Florence.
Between Field and Cooking Pot: The
Political Economy of Marketwomen
in Peru.
Rev. ed.
Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
SACRED WORK
(Bible, Qur'an, etc.)
"For citations from the Bible, include the abbreviated name of
the book, the chapter number, and the verse number---never a
page number." (p. 190) See pp. 341-343 in Turabian for
abbreviations for names of the books of the Bible.
"Since books and numbering differ among
versions of the scriptures, identify the version you are using
in your first citation, either with the spelled-out name or an
accepted abbreviation." (p. 191) See page 343 in Turabian for
abbreviations for versions of the Bible.
An Example of a
FIRST NOTE for a Bible Citation:
6. Matt. 5:11-13 (New Revised Standard Version).
An Example of a
SUBSEQUENT NOTE:
7. Matt. 15:1-10.
"Many sacred works of other religious traditions are divided
into parts...Capitalize...the names of the works
themselves...but italicize the names of their parts..." (p.
343) Note-Both of the following examples are from the same passage
and both are equally correct note citations for that passage:
An Example
of
NOTE for the Qur'an (p. 344):
5. Qur'an 2 (al-Baqarah): 257
Another Example of a NOTE
for the Qur'an
(p. 344):
5. Qur'an 2:257
"Cite the Bible and sacred
works of other religious traditions in [notes]. You do not need to include these works in your
bibliography." (p. 190)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
TWO OR MORE WORKS BY ONE AUTHOR
"If your bibliography includes
two or more works written, edited, or translated by the same individual, arrange the
entries alphabetically by title (ignoring articles such as
a or the). For all entries after the first, replace
the individual's name with a long dash...For edited or
translated works, put a comma and the appropriate designation
(ed., trans.,...) after the dash.
List all such works before any that the individual coauthored
or coedited." (p. 148)
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Ambrose, Stephen E. Citizen Soldiers: The U.S.
Army
from the Normandy
Beaches to the Bulge to the
Surrender of Germany,
June 7, 1944-May 7, 1945.
New York: Simon
and Schuster, 1997.
_____. The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew
B-24s
over Germany.
New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
E-Resources: Notes-Bibliography Style:
ARTICLE IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
"Include the stable URL listed, which also identifies the
database in which you consulted the article." (p. 185)
The Form of a
NOTE:
Note Number.
Author, "Title of Article," Name of
Journal
Volume Number, Issue Number (Date): Pages
Cited, URL (accessed Date of Access).
An Example of a
NOTE:
6. Svante E. Cornell, "International Reactions to
Massive Human Rights Violations: The Case of Chechnya,"
Europe-Asia Studies 51, no. 1 (January 1999): 87-88,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/153547.pdf
(accessed May 16, 2008).
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Cornell, Svante E. "International Reactions to
Massive
Human Rights Violations:
The Case of Chechnya."
Europe-Asia Studies
51, no. 1 (January 1999): 85-
100.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/153547.pdf
(accessed May 16, 2008).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
BLOG
"To cite an entry posted on a...blog by the author of the
site...[give] the author's name and the date of the posting."
(p. 199)
An Example of a
NOTE for an
Entry by the Author
of the Blog (p. 199):
7. Gary Becker, "The New American Dilemma: Illegal
Immigration," The Becker-Posner Blog, entry posted
March 6, 2006,
http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/
archives/2006/03/the_new_america.html (accessed
March 28, 2006).
"To cite a comment posted..by someone other than
the author of the site...Identify the material as a comment, and
include the date when the comment...was posted. If the comment
author's name is incomplete or a pseudonym, add pseud.
in brackets after the posted name." (p. 199)
An Example of
a NOTE
for a Comment Posted
by
Someone Other than the Blog's Author
(p. 199):
8. Peter Pearson, comment on "The New American
Dilemma: Illegal Immigration," The Becker-Posner Blog,
comment posted March 6, 2006,
http://www.becker-
posner-blog.com/archives/2006/03/the_new_america.
html#c080052 (accessed March 28, 2006).
"[A blog] should usually be cited only
in a note." (p. 199)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
BOOK REVIEW IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
"Include the stable URL listed, which also
identifies the database..." (p. 185)
The Form
of a
NOTE (pp. 192 &
185):
Note Number. Reviewer, review of Title of Book,
by
Author or Editor, Name of Journal Volume Number,
Issue Number (Date): Pages Cited, URL (accessed Date
of Access).
An
Example:
1. Ann Kent, review of China
Beyond the Headlines,
by Timothy B. Weston and Lionel M. Jensen, eds.,
China
Journal no. 46 (2001): 151,
http://jstor.org/stable/
pdfplus/3182315.pdf (accessed May 29, 2008).
"Reviews of books...should usually be cited only in a note.
You generally need not include them in your bibliography,
although you may choose to include a specific review that is
critical to your argument or frequently cited." (p. 192) If you decide to cite the book review in your
bibliography, here is the form and an example:
The Form for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY
if
You Cite the Review in
Your Bibliography (pp. 192 & 185):
Reviewer. Review of Title of the Book, by Author
of
the Book. Name of
Journal Volume Number, Issue
Number (Date): Page
Numbers of the Review. URL
(accessed Date of
Access).
An Example:
Kent, Ann. Review of China Beyond the Headlines,
by
Timothy B. Weston and
Lionel M. Jensen, eds. China
Journal no. 46
(July 2001): 150-151.
http://jstor.org/
stable/pdfplus/3182315.pdf
(accessed May 29, 2008).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
DISSERTATION IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
"To cite a dissertation
consulted in an online database, add the name of the database,
the URL, and the access date following the institutional
information." (p. 194)
An Example
of a
NOTE:
8. Carole McGranahan,
"Arrested Histories: Between
Empire and Exile in 20th Century Tibet" (PhD diss.,
University of Michigan, 2001), 24, in ProQuest
Dissertations
and Theses,
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=7260243
71&sid=2&clientId=19335&RQT=309&VName=PQD
(accessed
June 25, 2008).
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
McGranahan, Carole. "Arrested Histories: Between
Empire and Exile in 20th
Century Tibet." PhD diss.,
University of Michigan,
2001. In ProQuest Dissertations
and Theses,
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=
726024371&sid=2&clientId=19335&RQT=309&VName=PQD
(accessed June 25, 2008).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
E-BOOK
"...include the URL and the date you accessed the material.
Note that a URL alone is not sufficient; you must provide the
full facts of publication, as far as they can be determined...
(p. 181)
The library's source of e-books is NetLibrary. There is not an
individual URL for each e-book in NetLibrary, so
use the URL for NetLibrary,
www.netlibrary.com. See the following example:
The Form
of a
NOTE for a
NetLibrary E-Book:
Note Number. Author,
Title of Book (Place of
Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), Pages
Cited, URL (accessed Date of Access).
An
Example:
9. Carl A. Brasseaux,
Acadian to Cajun:
Transformation of a People, 1803-1877 (Jackson:
University Press of Mississippi, 1992), 12,
www.
netlibrary.com
(accessed June 25, 2008).
The Form for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Author. Title of the Book. Place of
Publication:
Publisher, Date. URL
(accessed Date of Access).
An Example:
Brasseaux, Carl A. Acadian to Cajun: Transformation
of a
People, 1803-1877.
Jackson: University Press
of Mississippi, 1992.
www.netlibrary.com
(accessed
May 19, 2008).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ONLINE (See
Government Documents)
MULTIMEDIA FILE
"If you viewed an image,
a live performance, a movie, or a television program or other
broadcast source online (including podcasts), cite the online
file...list the title of the online site, the type of file,
and (in notes, if relevant) the time at which the cited
material appears in the file. Include the URL and an access
date...If a file lacks an individual URL...cite the site as a
whole." (pp. 203-04)
An Example
of a
NOTE (p. 204):
12. BBC, "Blair
Announces New Africa Panel," BBC
News Web site, Windows Media Player video file, 3:43,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolavconsole/ifs_news/hi/newsid_
5110000/newsid_5119200/nb_wm_511962.stm (accessed
June 27, 2006).
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 204):
BBC. "Blair Announces New Africa Panel." BBC
News Web
site. Windows
Media Player video file.
http://news.
bbc.co.uk/nolavconsole/ifs_news/hi/newsid_5110000/
newsid_5119200/nb_wm_5119262.stm (accessed
June 27, 2006).
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
ONLINE
"For online newspapers...include the URL and the date you
accessed the material." (p. 188) "Omit page numbers, because a
newspaper may have several editions..." (p. 186)
An Example
of a NOTE for a
Newspaper Article
from a Library Database:
10. Pam Radtke Russell, "Here Comes the Sun: Solar
Power Starts to Shine in Lower 9th," Times Picayune,
March 11, 2007,
http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/
lnacademic/results/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=
21_T3847435 (accessed May 29, 2008).
An Example of a
NOTE for a Newspaper Article
from a Newspaper's Web Site:
11. Sabrina Tavernise, "After '05 Uzbek Uprising,
Issues Linger for West," New York Times, May 29, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/world/asia/
29uzbek.html (accessed May 29,
2008).
"In most
cases, cite articles and other pieces from daily newspapers
only in notes." (p. 186)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
WEB SITE
"...include as much of the
following as you can: author, title of the page..., title or
owner of the site..., URL, and access date...If there is no
named author, give the name of the owner of the site." (p.
198)
An Example
of a
NOTE:
14. Avalon Project at
Yale Law School, "Camp David
Accords: September 17, 1978," Lillian Goldman Law
Library,
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/campdav.htm
(accessed May 20, 2008).
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Avalon Project at Yale Law School. "Camp David
Accords: September 17,
1978." Lillian Goldman
Law Library.
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/
avalon/mideast/campdav.htm (accessed May 20,
2008).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Government Documents: Notes-Bibliography Style:
CONGRESSIONAL BILL OR RESOLUTION
"In citations, bills and
resolutions originating in the House of Representatives are
abbreviated HR and those originating in the Senate,
S." (p. 207)
"To cite online public documents...include the URL and the
date you accessed the material." (p. 215)
The Form
of a
NOTE
for a Bill or Resolution
Online:
Note Number. Title,
Bill or Resolution Number,
Number of the Congress, Number of the Session, Date,
URL (accessed Date of Access).
An Example
of a NOTE:
14. To Provide for the
Acknowledgement of the
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, and for Other
Purposes,
S 333, 110th Cong., 1st sess., 2007,
http://frwebgate.
access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_
bills&docid=f:s333is.txt (accessed June 10, 2008).
An Example
for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
U.S. Congress. Senate. To Provide
for the
Acknowledgement of the Lumbee Tribe of North
Carolina, and for Other
Purposes. S 333. 110th
Cong., 1st sess.,
2007.
http://frwebgate.access.
gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_
bills&docid=f:s333is.txt (accessed June 10, 2008).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
CONGRESSIONAL HEARING
"Records of testimony given
before congressional committees are usually published with
titles, which should be included in citations. List the
relevant committee as author." (p. 207)
"To cite online
public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed
the material." (p 215)
The Form
of a
NOTE
for a Hearing
Online:
Note Number. Committee
Name, Title, Number of
Congress, Number of Session, Date, Pages Cited, URL
(accessed Date of Access).
An Example
of a NOTE:
13.
Senate Committee on Homeland Security and
Governmental Affairs, Hurricane Katrina: The Role of
the Governors in Managing the Catastrophe: Hearing
Before the Committee on Homeland Security and
Governmental Affairs, 109th Cong., 2d sess., 2006,
14,
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?
dbname=109_senate_hearings&docid=f:27024.pdf
(accessed June 11, 2008).
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on
Homeland Security
and Governmental Affairs.
Hurricane Katrina: The
Role of the Governors in
Managing the Catastrophe:
Hearing before the
Committee on Homeland Security
and Governmental Affairs.
109th Cong., 2d sess.,
February 26, 2006.
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/
cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_senate_hearings&
docid=f:27024.pdf (accessed June 11, 2008).
See the following examples of a congressional hearing not
online:
An Example of a NOTE
for a Hearing Not
Online:
6. House Committee on
Foreign Affairs, The Kyoto
Protocol: An Update: Hearing Before the Subcommittee
on Asia, the Pacific, and the Global Environment,
110th
Cong., 1st sess., 2007, 2.
If the source is on microfiche or microfilm: "Specify the form
of publication (fiche, microfilm...) after the facts of
publication." (p. 258) See the following example of a
congressional hearing on microfiche:
An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY
of a Hearing Not
Online:
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs.
The Kyoto Protocol: An
Update: Hearing before the
Subcommittee on Asia, the
Pacific, and the Global
Environment. 110th
Cong., 1st sess., July 11, 2007.
Text-fiche.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
CONGRESSIONAL REPORT OR DOCUMENT
"When you cite reports
and documents of the Senate (abbreviated S.) and the
House (H.), include both the Congress and session
numbers, and, if possible, the series number." (p. 207)
"To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the
material." (p. 215)
The Form of a
NOTE
for a
Report or Document
Online:
Note Number.
Committee Name, Title, Number of
Congress, Number of Session, Date,
Report or
Document Number, Pages Cited, URL (accessed
Date
of Access).
An Example
of a NOTE:
8. Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the
Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, A
Failure of Iniative: Supplementary
Report and Document
Annex, 109th Cong., 2d sess., 2006, H. Rep. 396,
13,
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?
dbname=109%5Fcong%5Freports&docid=f:hr396.109.pdf
(accessed June 30, 2008).
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
U.S. Congress. House. Select Bipartisan Committee to
Investigate the
Preparation for and Response to
Hurricane Katrina.
A Failure of Initiative:
Supplementary Report and
Document Annex. 109th
Cong., 2d sess., 2006. H. Rep. 396.
http://
frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?
dbname=109%5Fcong%5Freports&docid=f:hr396.109
.pdf (accessed June 30, 2008).
See the following form and examples for a congressional report
or document not online:
The Form
of a NOTE for a Report or Document Not
Online:
Note Number. Committee
Name, Title, Number of
Congress, Number of Session, Date,
Report or Document
Number, Pages Cited.
An Example
of a NOTE for a Report or Document Not
Online (p.
207):
9. Senate Committee on
Foreign Relations, The Mutual
Security Act of 1956, 84th Cong., 2d sess.,
1956, S. Rep.
2273, 9-10.
If the source is on microfiche or microfilm: "Specify the form
of publication (fiche, microfilm...) after the facts of
publication." (p. 258) See the following example of a
congressional report or document on microfiche:
An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY
of
a Report or Document
Not Online:
U.S. Congress. House. Beach Protection Act of 2007:
Report (to Accompany H.R.
2537) (Including Cost
Estimate of the
Congressional Budget Office). 110th
Cong., 1st sess., 2007.
H. Rep. 491. Text-fiche.
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
GOVT. AGENCY OR DEPT.'S PUBLICATION
"Executive departments,
bureaus, and agencies issue reports, bulletins,...and other
materials. Include the name of an identified author after the
title" [if an author is given]. (p. 209)
"To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the
material." (p. 215)
The Form
of a
NOTE for a Govt. Agency or
Dept.'s
Publication
Online:
Note Number. Name of
Agency or Department, Title,
Date, Pages Cited, URL
(accessed Date of Access).
An Example
of a NOTE:
13.
U.S. Office of Community Planning and Development,
The Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress,
2007, 2,
http://www.huduser.org/Publications/pdf/ahar.
pdf (accessed June 11, 2008).
An Example
for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
U.S. Office of Community Planning and Development.
The Annual Homeless
Assessment Report to Congress.
Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban
Development, 2007.
http://www.huduser.org/
Publications/pdf/ahar.pdf (accessed June 11, 2008).
See the
following form and examples for a govt. agency or dept.'s
publication not online:
The Form of a
NOTE for a Govt. Agency or
Dept.'s
Publication
Not
Online:
Note Number. Name of
Agency or Department, Title,
Date (Place of Publication, Pages Cited).
An Example
of a NOTE for a Govt.
Agency or Dept.'s
Publication Not Online:
15.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Fellowships:
Opportunities Abound for Promising Degree
Candidates in
Environmental Sciences, Policy and Engineering,
2007
(Washington, DC, 4-5).
An Example
for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY of a Govt.
Agency or
Dept.'s Publication Not Online:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Fellowships:
Opportunities Abound for
Promising Degree
Candidates in
Environmental Sciences, Policy and
Engineering.
Washington, DC: Office
of Research and
Development, 2007.
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
PRESIDENTIAL PUBLICATION
"Presidential proclamations,
executive orders, vetoes, addresses, and the like are
published in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents and in Public Papers of the Presidents of the
United States." (p. 208)
"To cite online public documents...include the URL and the
date you accessed the material." (p. 215)
The Form of a
NOTE for a Presidential
Publication Online
in
Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents:
Note Number. President,
Type of Publication if Given,
"Title of Document," Title of Source Volume
Number if There is
One (Date) Pages Cited, URL (accessed Date of Access).
An Example
of a NOTE:
2. President, "Interview
with Richard Engel of NBC News
in Sharm el-Sheikh," Weekly Compilation of
Presidential
Documents 44 (May 18, 2008):725,
http://frwebgate1.
access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.cgi?WAISdocID=293657204
270+0+0+0&WAISaction=retrieve (accessed June 12, 2008).
An
Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
U.S. President. "Interview with
Richard Engel of NBC
News in Sharm el-Sheikh."
Weekly Compilation of
Presidential Documents
44
(May 18, 2008): 725-30.
http://frwebgate1.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.
cgi?
WAISdocID=293657204270+0+0+0&WAIS
action=retrieve (accessed June 12, 2008).
The Form of a NOTE
for a Presidential Publication Online in
Public Papers of the Presidents of the
United States:
Note Number. President's Name,
"Name of Paper," Title of
Source (Date), Volume: Pages Cited, URL
(accessed Date
of Access).
An Example
of a NOTE:
3. William J. Clinton, "Remarks on the Nuclear Agreement
with North Korea," Public Papers of the
Presidents of the
United States (October 18, 1994), 2:1795,
http://frwebgate1.
access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.cgi?WAISdocID=2944942081
17+0+0+0&WAISaction=retrieve (accessed June 12, 2008).
An Example
for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Clinton, William J. "Remarks on the Nuclear
Agreement
with North Korea."
Public Papers of the Presidents of
the United States
2 (October 18, 1994): 1794-95.
http://frwebgate1.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.
cgi?WAISdocD=294494208117+0+0+0&IWAISaction=
retrieve (accessed June 12, 2008).
See the following form and examples for a presidential
publication not online:
The Form of a NOTE for a
Presidential Publication Not
Online:
Note Number.
President's Name, Title of Source (Place of
Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), Volume: Pages
Cited.
An Example
of a NOTE for a
Presidential Publication Not
Online:
4. Herbert Hoover, Public
Papers of the Presidents of the
United States: Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933,
(Washington, DC:
Government Printing Office, 1974-77), 2:12.
An Example
for a BIBLIOGRAPHY
of a Presidential Publication
Not Online:
Hoover, Herbert. Public Papers of
the Presidents of the
United States: Herbert
Hoover, 1929-33. 4 vols.
Washington, DC:
Government Printing Office, 1974-77.
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
TREATY
"Put titles of treaties...in
quotation marks...An exact date indicates the date of signing
and is therefore preferable to a year alone, which may differ
from the year the treaty was published." (p. 210)
"To cite online public documents...include the URL and the
date you accessed the material." (p. 215)
An Example of a
NOTE for a Treaty Online:
3. "Paris Peace Treaty," September 3, 1783, Avalon
Project at Yale Law School,
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/
avalon/diplomacy/britain/paris.htm
(accessed June 11, 2008).
An Example
for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Avalon Project at Yale Law
School. "The Paris Peace
Treaty of September
3, 1783." Lillian Goldman Law
Library.
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/
diplomacy/britain/paris.htm (accessed June 11, 2008).
An Example of a
NOTE
for a Treaty
Not Online:
8. "Naval Armament Limitation
Treaty," February 26, 1922,
U.S. Statutes at Large
43, pt. 2.
An Example
for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY of a
Treaty Not
Online:
United States. "Naval Armament Limitation Treaty."
February 26, 1922.
U.S. Statutes at Large 43,
pt. 2 (1922).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
U.S. CONSTITUTION
"The U.S. Constitution should
be cited only in notes...Include the article or amendment,
section, and, if relevant, clause. (pp. 209-210)
An Example of a NOTE for an Article
of the
Constitution
(p. 210):
32. U.S. Constitution, art. 2, sec. 1, cl. 3.
An Example of a NOTE for an Amendment
to
the Constitution
(p. 210):
33. U.S. Constitution, amend. 14, sec. 2.
"The U.S. Constitution should be cited only in notes..." (p.
209)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
U.S. STATUTE
The Form
for a
NOTE for a U.S. Statute:
Note Number. Name of Statute, Public Law
Number, U.S. Statutes at Large Volume
(Date):
Pages Cited.
An
Example (p. 208):
19. Telecommunications Act of 1996, Public Law
104-104, U.S. Statutes at Large 110 (1996): 56.
"Cite statutes in notes only; you do not need to include them
in your bibliography." (p. 208)
U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISION
"For Supreme Court decisions, cite United States Supreme
Court Reports (abbreviated U.S.) or, if not yet
published there, Supreme Court Reporter (abbreviated
S. Ct.)." (p. 211)
"To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you
accessed the material." (p. 215)
The Form of a
NOTE
for a Supreme Court Decision
Online:
Note Number. Name of
Decision, Volume Number U.S.
Page Number (Date), URL (accessed Date of
Access).
An Example:
7. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973),
http://
supreme.justia.com/us/410/113/case.html (accessed
June 11, 2008).
The Form of a
NOTE
for a Supreme Court Decision
Not Online:
Note Number. Name of Decision,
Volume Number U.S.
Page Number (Date).
An Example
of a NOTE for a Supreme
Court Decision
Not Online (p. 211):
21. AT&T Corp. v. Iowa Utilities Bd., 525 U.S. 366
(1999).
Legal cases are cited only in notes, not in a bibliography.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Journals in Print: Notes-Bibliography Style:
ARTICLE IN A PRINT JOURNAL
"If you cite a particular
passage in a note, give only the specific page(s) cited...
[but] for a note that cites the entire article, give the full
span of page numbers for the article." (p.
184)
"For a bibliography entry...give the full span of page numbers
for the article." (p. 184)
The Form
of a
NOTE if There is a
Volume Number
& an Issue Number:
Note Number. Author,
"Title of Article," Journal Name
Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date): Pages
Cited.
An Example
of a NOTE (p. 183):
2. Christopher S. Mackay,
"Lactantius and the
Succession to Diocletian," Classical Philology
94, no. 2
(1999): 205.
An Example
for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p.
183):
Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs, and Jon Agnone.
"Political Opportunities and African-American
Protest, 1948-1997." American Journal of
Sociology 109, no. 2 (September 2003):
277-303.
The Form
of a
NOTE if There is
Only a Volume
Number:
Note Number. Author,
"Title of Article," Journal Name
Volume Number (Date): Pages
Cited.
An
Example of a
NOTE (p. 184):
4. Tim Hitchcock, "Begging on the Streets of
Eighteenth-century London," Journal of British Studies 44
(July 2005): 478.
An Example
for
a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 183):
Kumar, Rahul. "Reasonable Reasons in Contractualist
Moral Argument."
Ethics 114 (October 2003): 6-37.
The Form
of a
NOTE if There is
Only an Issue Number:
Note Number. Author,
"Title of Article," Journal Name,
Issue Number (Date): Pages Cited.
An
Example of a NOTE (p. 183):
2. J. M. Beattie, "The Pattern of Crime in England,
1660-1800," Past and Present, no. 62 (1974): 47-48.
An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY
(p. 183):
Beattie, J. M. "The Pattern of Crime in England, 1660-
1800." Past and
Present, no. 62 (1974): 47-95.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
BOOK REVIEW IN A PRINT JOURNAL
The Form of a
NOTE:
Note Number. Reviewer, review of Title of Book,
by
Author or Editor, Name of Journal Volume Number,
Issue Number (Date): Pages Cited.
An Example:
1. Jerry P. Sanson, review of A Fierce and Fractious
Frontier: The Curious Development of Louisiana's Florida
Parishes, 1699-2000, by Samuel C. Hyde, Jr., ed.,
Louisiana
History 46, no. 4 (2005): 497.
"Reviews of books...should usually be cited only in a note.
You generally need not include them in your bibliography,
although you may choose to include a specific review that is
critical to your argument or frequently cited." (p. 192) If
you decide to cite the review in your bibliography, here is
the form and an example:
The Form for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY
if You Do Cite the
Review in Your Bibliography:
Reviewer. Review of Title of Book, by Author of
the
Book. Name of
Journal Volume Number, Issue
Number (Date): Page
Numbers of the Review.
An Example:
Sanson, Jerry P. Review of A Fierce and Fractious
Frontier: The Curious
Development of Louisiana's
Florida Parishes,
1699-2000, by Samuel C. Hyde,
Jr., ed. Louisiana
History 46, no. 4 (Fall 2005):
495-497.
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE IN PRINT
An Example
of a
NOTE
(p. 187):
9. Blair Kamin, "Wrigley Building Clearly a Landmark,"
Chicago Tribune, July 1, 2005.
"In most cases, cite
articles and other pieces from daily newspapers only in notes.
You generally need not include them in your bibliography..."
(p. 186)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Unpublished Sources: Notes-Bibliography Style:
DISSERTATION OR THESIS IN PRINT
"If you consult an
unpublished thesis or dissertation in print form, treat it as
an unpublished manuscript. After the author and
title, list the kind of thesis, the academic institution, and
the date." (p. 194)
The Form
of a
NOTE for a
Dissertation in Print:
Note Number. Author,
"Title of Dissertation"
(PhD diss., University, Date), Pages Cited.
An Example
of a NOTE for a
Dissertation (p. 194):
3. Priscilla Coit Murphy,
"What a Book Can Do:
Silent Spring and
Media-Borne Public Debate" (PhD
diss., University of North Carolina, 2000), 10.
An Example for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(p. 194):
Murphy, Priscilla Coit. "What a Book Can Do: Silent
Spring and
Media-Borne Public Debate." PhD
diss., University of
North Carolina, 2000.
The Form
of a NOTE for a Thesis in Print:
Note Number. Author,
"Title of Thesis" (master's
thesis, University, Date), Pages Cited.
An Example
of a NOTE for a
Thesis:
6. Carrie Elisabeth
Robertson, "Control of Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus Using Interactive Internet Based
Support
on a Lakota Reservation" (master's thesis, South Dakota
State University, 2006), 2.
An Example
for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 194):
Culcasi, Karen Leigh. "Cartographic Representations
of Kurdistan in the Print
Media." Master's thesis,
Syracuse University,
2003.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
INTERVIEW
"Begin the
note with the names of the person interviewed and the
interviewer; also include the place and date of the interview
(if known) and the location of any tapes or transcripts (if
available)." (p. 195)
An Example
of a
NOTE
for an Unpublished Interview
by the
Author of the Paper (p. 195):
7. Andrew Macmillan, interview by author, San Diego,
CA, March 2, 2007.
An Example of a
NOTE for an Unpublished Interview
by Someone
Other than the Paper's Author (p. 195):
14. Benjamin Spock, interview by Milton J. E. Senn,
November 20, 1974, interview 67A, transcript, Senn Oral
History Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
MD.
"Unpublished interviews
(including those you have conducted yourself) should usually
be cited only in notes." (p. 195)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
LECTURE OR PAPER AT A MEETING
"After the author and
title of the speech or paper, list the sponsorship, location,
and date of the meeting...Enclose this information in
parentheses in a note..." (p. 195)
An Example of a NOTE
for a Lecture
(p 195):
2. John Troutman,
"Indian Blues: American Indians
and the Politics of Music, 1890-1935" (lecture,
Newberry
Library, Chicago, IL, February 2, 2005).
An Example
of a NOTE for a Paper
(p. 195):
7. Karene Grad, "When
High Culture Was Popular
Culture" (paper presented at the annual meeting of the
Organization of American Historians, Boston, MA, March
26, 2004).
An Example
for a
BIBLIOGRAPHY (p.
195):
Skocpol, Theda. "Voice and Inequality: The
Transformation of
American Civic Democracy."
Presidential address,
annual meeting of the
American Political
Science Association, Philadelphia,
PA, August
28, 2003.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
LETTER
"Cite
conversations, letters, e-mail messages, and the like only in
notes...The key elements are the name of the other person, the type
of communication, and the date of the communication." (pp.
195-196)
An Example
of
NOTE
for a Letter:
7. Jean Seile, letter to
author, June 26, 2008
Videos: Notes-Bibliography Style:
"Citations of video recordings generally follow
the pattern for books, with the addition of the medium (VHS,
DVD)." (p. 203)
An Example
of a NOTE:
7. Roberta Grossman,
500 Nations, DVD, directed by
Jack Leustig (Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2004).
An Example
for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Grossman, Roberta. 500 Nations. DVD. Directed by
Jack
Leustig. Burbank, CA:
Warner Home Video, 2004.
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
____________________________________________________________________________________
Margins, Page Numbers,
Spacing, & Title Page:
Margins:
"Leave a margin of at least one inch on all
four edges of the page." (p. 374)
Page Numbers:
"If your only front matter is a title page, do not number that
page. Number pages in the body of the paper and the back
matter...starting on the first page of text." (p. 375) "Page
numbers are usually placed in one of three locations:
centered...at the bottom of the page, centered...at the top of
the page, or flush right...For class papers, choose one of
these locations and follow it consistently." (p. 376)
Spacing:
Spacing in the text of the paper:
"Double-space all text in papers..." (p. 375)
(The
exceptions are "block quotations" and "table titles and
figure captions" which "should be single-spaced," and "the
following which should be single-spaced internally but with a
blank line between items:"...a "table of contents," if there
is one, and "any lists of figures, tables, and abbreviations,"
and "footnotes or endnotes," and "bibliographies or reference
lists" which "should be single-spaced internally but with a
blank line between items.") (p. 375)
Spacing between sentences:
"Put only one space, not two,
following the terminal punctuation of a sentence." (p. 375)
Spacing for notes:
Footnotes or endnotes and bibliographies or reference lists
"should be single-spaced internally but with a blank line
between items..." (p. 375)
Title Page:
"Class papers should begin with
a title page (though some put the title on the first page of
the text; consult with your instructor). Place the title of
the paper a third of the way down the page, usually centered.
If the paper has both a main title and a subtitle, put the
main title on a single line, followed by a colon, and begin
the subtitle on the next line. Several lines below it, place
your name along with any information requested by your
instructor, such as the course title (including its department
and number) and the date." (p. 386)
See an example of a title
page on p. 378 (Figure A.1) in the 7th edition of Turabian's
Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers,
which is available at the Reference desk in the library.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
__________________________________________________________________________________
Parenthetical Citations-Reference List Style:
"In reference list style, you signal that you have used a
source by placing a parenthetical citation (including
author, date, and relevant page numbers) next to your
reference to that source...At the end of the paper, you list
all sources in a reference list...Since parenthetical
citations do not include complete bibliographical information
for a source, you must include that information in your
reference list." (pp. 216-217)
Parenthetical Citations: The
Basic Form
(p. 218):
(Author's Last Name Date of Publication, Pages Cited)
Reference List:
"Label the list
References. See figure A.16 [on p. 402 in the 7th
edition of Turabian's Manual] for a sample page of a
reference list." (p. 221) "A reference list is normally a single list
of all sources arranged alphabetically by the last name of the
author, editor, or whoever is first in each entry." (p. 221)
"If a book or journal article does not have an author or
editor (or other named compiler, such as a translator), put
the title first in your reference list entry and alphabetize
based on it, ignoring articles such as a or the."
(p. 222) "Reference list entries have a hanging indentation: the first
line is flush left and all following lines are indented the
same space as paragraphs." (p. 221)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Examples: Parenthetical Citations-Reference List:
(Click on each to go to an example)
Books
BOOK (MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR)
BOOK (ONE AUTHOR)
BOOK W/ EDITOR(S)
E-Resources
ARTICLE IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
BOOK REVIEW IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
E-BOOK
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ONLINE
WEB SITE
Government Documents
GOV'T. AGENCY OR DEPT.'S PUBLICATION
PRESIDENTIAL PUBLICATION
U.S. CONSTITUTION
U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISION
Journals in Print
ARTICLE IN A PRINT JOURNAL
BOOK REVIEW IN A PRINT JOURNAL
Unpublished Sources
INTERVIEW
LECTURE OR PAPER AT A MEETING
Videos
Books - Parenthetical Citations & Reference List:
BOOK (MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR)
(pp. 218-19)
The Form of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION for
2 Authors (p.
218):
(Authors' Last Names Date, Pages Cited)
An Example for
2 Authors:
(Cannon and Griffiths 1988, 12)
An Example
for
3 Authors (p. 219):
(Appleby, Hunt, and Jacob 1994,
135-36)
An Example
for
4 or More Authors (p.
219):
(Hall et al. 1987, 114-15)
An Example for a
REFERENCE LIST:
Cannon, John Ashton, and Ralph Griffiths. 1988.
The Oxford illustrated
history of the British
monarchy. New York:
Oxford University Press.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
BOOK (ONE AUTHOR)
The Form of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION
for a Book
(p. 218):
(Author's Last Name Date of Publication, Pages Cited)
An Example:
(Girard 2005, 14)
The Form for a
REFERENCE LIST of a Book (p. 218):
Author. Date of Publication. Title of book.
Place
of Publication: Publisher.
An Example:
Girard, Philippe R. 2005. Paradise lost: Haiti's
tumultuous journey from
pearl of the Caribbean
to Third World hot spot.
New York: Palgrave
MacMillan.
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
BOOK W/ EDITOR(S)
Use the last name(s) of the editor(s) in the parenthetical citation. (p.
218)
An
Example of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Fulop and Raboteau 1997, 11)
An Example for a
REFERENCE LIST
(p. 231):
Fulop, Timothy E., and Albert J. Raboteau, eds. 1997.
African-American
religion: Interpretive essays in
history and culture.
New York: Routledge.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
E-Resources - Parenthetical Citations &
Reference List:
ARTICLE IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
The Form for a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION
(p. 251):
(Author's Last Name Date of Publication, Pages Cited)
An
Example w/
2
Authors:
(Johnson and Smith 2005, 11)
An Example w/
3
Authors (p. 247):
(Jenkins, Jacobs, and Agnone 2003,
298-99)
An Example w/
4 or More Authors:
(Maoz et al. 2002, 530)
In the reference
list, "...include the stable URL listed, which also identifies
the database in which you consulted the article." (p. 251) See
the following form and an example:
The Form for a
REFERENCE LIST of an Article in
a
Library Database:
Author. Year Article was Published. Title of article.
Journal
Name Volume Number, Issue Number
(Month
Article was Published): Page Numbers of
the Article.
URL (accessed Date of Access).
An
Example
(p. 251):
Cornell, Svante E. 1999. International reactions to
massive human
rights violations: The case of
Chechnya.
Europe-Asia Studies 51, no. 1
(January): 85-100.
http://www.jstor.org.stable/
pdfplus/153547.pdf
(accessed May 16, 2008).
(Return
to the Top of the Page)
BOOK REVIEW IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
Although an example of a parenthetical citation for a book
review is not provided in Turabian's Manual,
the
following form and example are based on the example in
the
15th edition of
The Chicago Manual of Style
(p. 704):
The Form
of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION
for a
Book Review (Chicago
Manual of Style, p. 704):
(Reviewer's Name Date of Publication, Page Cited)
An
Example:
(Kent 2001, 151)
The 7th ed. of Turabian's Manual
states:
"In your reference list,
include the name of the reviewer; the words review of,
followed by the name of the work being reviewed and its
author..." (p. 257)
"Include the stable URL listed, which also identifies the
database in which you consulted the article." (p. 251)
The
Form for a
REFERENCE LIST of a Book
Review in a
Library Database:
Reviewer's Name. Year Published. Review of Title of
book,
by Author of Book. Journal Name
Volume Number,
Issue Number (Month
Review was Published): Page
Numbers of Review. URL
(accessed Date of Access).
An Example:
Kent, Ann. 2001. Review of China beyond the
headlines,
ed. Timothy B. Weston and Lionel M. Jensen. China
Journal 46 (July): 150-51.
http://jstor.org/stable/
pdfplus/3182315.pdf
(accessed May 29, 2008).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
E-BOOK
An Example
of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION
for an E-Book with
Page Numbers:
(Brasseaux 1992, 39)
An Example of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION for
an E-Book
without Page Numbers (p. 246):
(Samora and Vandel Simon 2000)
In the reference list,
"...include the URL and
the date you accessed the material." (p. 246) See the
following example:
An Example
for a REFERENCE LIST
(a NetLibrary e-book):
Brasseaux, Carl A. 1992.
Acadian to Cajun:
Transformation of a people, 1803-1877.
Jackson:
University Press of Mississippi.
www.netlibrary.com
(accessed May 19, 2008).
Another
E-Book
Example for a
REFERENCE LIST:
Samora, Julian, and Patricia Vandel Simon. 2000.
A history
of the Mexican-American
people. Rev. ed. East Lansing,
MI: Julian Samora Research Institute, Michigan State
University.
http://www.jsri.msu.edu/museum/pubs/
MexAmHist/chapter14.html#six
(accessed December 19,
2005).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ONLINE (See
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS)
WEB SITE
Although an example of a parenthetical citation is not
provided, the following example seems logical:
An Example of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Avalon Project at Yale Law School 1978)
An Example for a
REFERENCE LIST (p.
263):
Avalon Project at
Yale Law School. Camp David
Accords: September 17, 1978. Lillian Goldman
Law Library.
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/
avalon/mideast/campdav.htm (accessed May
20, 2008).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Government Documents - Parenthetical Citations
& Reference List:
GOVT. AGENCY OR DEPT.'S PUBLICATION
An Example
of a PARENTHETICAL
CITATION
(p. 274):
(U.S. Department of the Interior 1984, 3)
An Example for a
REFERENCE LIST
of a Govt. Agency
or Dept.'s Publication
Found Online:
U.S. Office of Community
Planning and Development.
2007.
The Annual Homeless Assessment Report
to
Congress. U.S. Department of Housing of
Housing
and Urban Development. Washington,
DC.
http://www.huduser.org/Publications/pdf/
ahar.pdf
(accessed June 11, 2008).
An Example for a
REEFERENCE LIST of a Govt.
Agency
or Dept.'s Publication
Not Found Online:
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. 2007.
Fellowships: Opportunities Abound for Promising
Degree
Candidates in Environmental Sciences,
Policy and
Engineering. Office of Research and
Development.
Washington, DC.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
PRESIDENTIAL PUBLICATION (p. 274)
The Form of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION for
the
Weekly Compilation
of
Presidential
Documents:
(U.S. President Date, Pages Cited)
An Example
of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(U.S. President 2008, 725)
An Example
for a
REFERENCE LIST:
U.S. President. 2008. Interview
with Richard Engel
of NBC News in Sharm el-Sheikh. Weekly
Compilation of
Presidential Documents, pp. 725-30
(May 18).
http://frwebgate1.access.gpo.gov/cgi-
bin/waisgate.cgi?WAISdocID=293657204270+0+0
&WAISaction=retrieve
(accessed June 12, 2008).
The Form
of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION
for the
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States:
(President's Last Name Date, Pages Cited)
An Example
of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Clinton 1994, 1725)
An Example
for a
REFERENCE LIST:
Clinton, William J. 1994.
Remarks on the Nuclear
Agreement with
North Korea. Public Papers of the
Presidents, pp.
1794-95 (October 18).
http://
frwebgate1.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.cgi?
WAISdocID=294494208117+0+0+0&WAISaction=
retrieve
(accessed June 12, 2008).
An Example
for a
REFERENCE LIST of a
Presidential
Publication
Not Found Online
(p. 274):
Hoover, Herbert. 1977. Public Papers of the
Presidents
of the United
States: Herbert Hoover, 1929-33.
Vol. 4. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
U.S. CONSTITUTION
"Include the article or
amendment, section, and, if relevant, clause." (p. 275)
An Example of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION for
an
Article of the
Constitution (p. 275):
(U.S. Constitution, art. 2, sec. 1, cl. 3)
An Example of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION
for
an
Amendment to the Constitution (p. 275):
(U.S. Constitution, amend. 14, sec. 2)
"The U.S. Constitution
should be cited only in parenthetical citations; you need not
include it in your reference list." (p. 275)
U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISION
"...give the name of the case
and the date (if citing specific language, provide the page
number as well)." (p. 276)
An Example of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Roe v. Wade 1973)
"For Supreme Court decisions, cite United States Supreme
Court Reports (abbreviated U.S.)..." (p. 276)
An Example
for a
REFERENCE LIST of a U.S.
Supreme
Court Decision
Found Online:
Roe v. Wade. 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
http://
supreme.justia.com/us/410/113/case.html
(accessed June 11, 2008).
An Example
for a
REFERENCE LIST of a U.S.
Supreme
Court Decision
Not Found Online (p. 276):
AT&T Corp. v. Iowa Utilities Bd.
525 U.S. 366
(1999).
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Journals in Print - Parenthetical Citations &
Reference List:
ARTICLE IN A PRINT JOURNAL
The
Form of a PARENTHETICAL
CITATION:
(Author Date, Pages Cited)
An Example:
(Jenkins, Jacobs, and Agnone 2003, 298-99)
The Form for a
REFERENCE LIST:
Author. Date of Article. Title of article. Journal
Name
Volume Number, Issue
Number if There is One (Month
or Season): Page Numbers
of Entire Article.
An
Example with a Volume
Number & an Issue Number
(p. 247):
Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs, and Jon Agnone. 2003.
Political opportunities
and African-American protest,
1948-1997. American
Journal of Sociology 109, no.
2 (September): 277-303.
An Example with a Volume Number
Only (p. 249):
Kumar, Rahul. 2003. Reasonable reasons in
contractualist
moral argument.
Ethics 114 (October): 6-37.
An
Example with
an Issue Number Only
(p. 249):
Beattie,
J. M. 1974. The pattern of crime in England,
1660-1800. Past
and Present, no. 62:47-95.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
BOOK REVIEW IN A PRINT JOURNAL
Although there is not an example of a
parenthetical
citation for a book review in the 7th edition of Turabian's
Manual for Writers, the following form and example are
based on the example on
p. 704 in the 15th edition of The
Chicago Manual of Style:
The Form for a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Reviewer's Name Date of Review, Pages Cited)
An
Example:
(Sanson 2005,
497)
The 7th edition of Turabian's Manual
states: "In your reference list,
include the name of the reviewer; the words review of,
followed by the name of the work reviewed and its author...and
finally the periodical in which the review appeared." (p. 257)
See the following form and an example:
The Form for a
REFERENCE LIST:
Reviewer's Name. Year of the Review. Review of
Title of book, by
Author's Name. Journal Name
Volume Number, Issue
Number (Month or Season):
Page Numbers of the Review.
An
Example:
Sanson, Jerry P. 2005. Review of A fierce and
fractious frontier: The curious development of
Louisiana's Florida parishes, 1699-2000, by
Samuel
C. Hyde, Jr. Louisiana History 46, no. 4
(Fall):
495-97.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Unpublished Sources - Parenthetical Citations
& Reference List:
INTERVIEW
"In parenthetical citations,
use the name of the person interviewed..." (p. 261)
An Example
of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Mancuso 2008)
In the reference list:
"To cite an unpublished interview (including one you have
conducted yourself), begin a reference list entry with the
names of the person interviewed and the interviewer; also
include the place and date of the interview (if known) and the
location of any tapes or transcripts (if available)..." (p. 261)
An Example
for a REFERENCE LIST of an Interview
You
Conducted (p. 261):
Macmillan, Andrew. 2007.
Interview by author. San
Diego, CA. March 2.
An Example
for a
REFERENCE LIST of an Interview
Conducted
by Someone Else:
Fox, George Thomas. 2003. Interview by Terry L.
Beckenbaugh.
April 3. Interview 168,
videocassette and transcript, Veterans
History
Project
Collection, McNeese Library, Lake
Charles, LA.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
LECTURE OR PAPER AT A MEETING
An
example of a parenthetical citation for a lecture or paper
presented at a meeting is not given in the 7th edition
of Turabian's Manual or in the 15th edition of The
Chicago Manual of Style, but the following example
seems logical:
The Form for a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Speaker or Presenter's Name Date)
An Example:
(Troutman 2005)
An Example for a
REFERENCE LIST of a
Lecture
(p. 260):
Troutman, John.
2005. Indian blues: American Indians
and the
politics of music, 1890-1935. Lecture,
Newberry Library, Chicago, IL. February 2.
An Example for a
REFERENCE LIST
of a Paper
(p.
260):
Grad, Karene.
2004. When high culture was popular
culture. Paper presented at the annual meeting
of the Organization of American Historians, Boston,
MA. March 26.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Videos - Parenthetical Citations &
Reference List:
An Example of a
PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Grossman 2004)
An Example for a
REFERENCE LIST:
Grossman, Roberta. 2004. 500 Nations. DVD.
Directed
by Jack Leustig. Burbank,
CA: Warner Home Video.
(Return to the Top of the Page)
This page last updated on
November 18, 2009
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