Chicago Style:
Notes-Bibliography Style*

Books    E-Resources   Government Documents   

 Journals in Print    Unpublished Sources    Videos
    
 Margins, Page Numbers, Spacing, & Title Page

*See also an alternate citation style:
 Parenthetical Citations-Reference List Style

For more information, see the 7th edition of Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, and the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, which are available at the Reference desk in the McNeese Library. The page numbers cited in the examples on this webpage are from Turabian's Manual unless noted otherwise.


Notes:
"Whenever you refer to or otherwise use material from a source, you must insert into your text a superscript number that directs your reader to a note that gives bibliographical information about that source." (p. 151)  "Number notes consecutively, beginning with 1." (p. 152)

The notes inserted in the text of your research paper are then listed after the end of your paper's text:

"Endnotes should be listed together after the end of the text...but before the bibliography. Start each note on a new line, with a blank line between notes. Label the list Notes." (pp. 152-53) "Indent...endnotes as you would a paragraph." (p. 152)

"In some fields, your instructor may expect you to give full bibliographical data in each note, but in most you can give a complete citation the first time you cite a work and a shortened one in subsequent notes." (p. 154) In the following example of a subsequent (shortened) note for a book, the components are the note number, the author's last name, and the page number for the passage being cited.

An Example of a SUBSEQUENT (SHORTENED) NOTE:  
      4. Girard, 52.

   
Bibliography:

A bibliography is arranged differently from the list of your notes:

"A bibliography is normally a single list of all sources arranged alphabetically by the last name of the author, editor, or whoever is first in each entry." (p. 148)  "If you are using bibliography-style citations, you will probably include a bibliography in the back matter.  Label the first page of this element Bibliography at the top of the page...Leave two blank lines between the title and the first item listed..." (p. 404) Each item in the bibliography "should be single-spaced internally but with a blank line between items" (p. 375)

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Examples: Notes-Bibliography Style:
(Click on each to go to an example)

Books:
BOOK (MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR)
BOOK (ONE AUTHOR)
BOOK W/ AUTHOR & EDITOR OR TRANSLATOR
BOOK W/ EDITOR(S)  
CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK
MULTIVOLUME WORK
REFERENCE BOOK
REPRINT (FOR EX., A LATER PAPERBACK EDITION)
REVISED (LATER) EDITION
SACRED WORK (BIBLE, QUR'AN, ETC.)
TWO OR MORE WORKS BY ONE AUTHOR


E-Resources:
ARTICLE IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
BLOG
BOOK REVIEW IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
DISSERTATION IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
E-BOOK
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ONLINE
MULTIMEDIA FILE
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE ONLINE
WEB SITE


Government Documents:
CONGRESSIONAL BILL OR RESOLUTION
CONGRESSIONAL HEARING
CONGRESSIONAL REPORT OR DOCUMENT
GOVT. AGENCY OR DEPT.'S PUBLICATION
PRESIDENTIAL PUBLICATION
TREATY
U.S. CONSTITUTION
U.S. STATUTE
U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISION


Journals in Print:
ARTICLE IN A PRINT JOURNAL
BOOK REVIEW IN A PRINT JOURNAL
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE IN PRINT


Unpublished Sources:
DISSERTATION OR THESIS IN PRINT
INTERVIEW
LECTURE OR PAPER AT A MEETING
LETTER


Videos


Books: Notes-Bibliography Style:

BOOK (MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR) 
"In a note, for a book with more than one author, list all names in standard order. Use a comma before the and in a series of three..." (p. 163)

             The Form of a NOTE for Two or Three Authors:
           Note Number. Authors' Names, Title of Book  
      (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date), Pages Cited.
   
             An Example:
           5. John Ashton Cannon and Ralph Griffiths, The
      Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy
      (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 12.

If there are four or more authors, list only the first author's name followed by et al..." (p. 163) See the following example:
 
           An Example with Four or More Authors (p. 163):
           8. Jacquelyn Dowd Hall et al., Like a Family: The
      Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World (Chapel Hill:
      University of North Carolina Press, 1987), 114-15.

"In a bibliography entry, list the first author's name in inverted order, followed by a comma, and list the rest of the authors in standard order. Include all authors, no matter how many..." (p. 163) See the following example:

             An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 163):        
           Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd, James Leloudis, Robert Korstad,
                Mary Murphy, Lu Ann Jones, and Christopher B. Daly.
                Like a Family: The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill
                World. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
                1987.

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BOOK (ONE AUTHOR) (p. 162)

          The Form of a NOTE for a Book (One Author):
          Note Number. Author, Title of Book (Place of
     Publication: Publisher, Date), Pages Cited.
   
            An Example:
          1. Philippe R. Girard, Paradise Lost: Haiti's Tumultuous
     Journey from Pearl of the Caribbean to Third World Hot
     Spot (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 14.

      The Form for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 163):
     Author. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher,
           Date of Publication.

          An Example:
         Girard, Philippe R. Paradise Lost: Haiti's Tumultuous
              Journey from Pearl of the Caribbean to Third
              World Hot Spot. New York: Palgrave MacMillan,
              2005.

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BOOK W/ AUTHOR & EDITOR OR TRANSLATOR
"Add the editor or translator's name after the book's title. If there is a translator as well as an editor, list the names in the same order as on the title page..." (p. 163)

          An Example of a NOTE (p. 164):
          10. Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin, The
     Complete Correspondence, 1928-1940, ed. Henri Lonitz,
     trans. Nicholas Walker (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
     Press, 1999), 212.     

            An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 164):
          Adorno, Theodor W., and Walter Benjamin. The
               Complete Correspondence, 1928-1940. Edited by
               Henri Lonitz. Translated by Nicholas Walker.
               Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.   
       
BOOK W/ EDITOR(S) 
"When an editor or a translator is listed on a book's title page instead of an author, use that person's name in the author's slot...but add the abbreviation ed. (plural, eds.) or trans. (singular or plural) following the name." (p. 164)

            An Example of a NOTE (p. 164):
            4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. Raboteau, eds.,
     African-American Religion: Interpretive Essays in History
     and Culture (New York: Routledge, 1997), 412-14.

          An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 164):
         Fulop, Timothy E., and Albert J. Raboteau, eds.
              African-American Religion: Interpretive Essays in
              History and Culture. New York: Routledge, 1997.

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CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

          The Form of a NOTE (p. 144):
          Note Number. Chapter Author, "Title of Chapter," in
    Title of Book, ed. Editor's Name (Place of Publication:
    Publisher, Date of Publication), Pages Cited.

          An Example (p. 144):
        15. Anne Whiston Spirn, "Constructing Nature: The
    Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted," in Uncommon Ground:
    Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, ed. William Cronon
    (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1996), 101.

     The Form for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 145):
     Author of Chapter. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book,
           edited by Editor's Name, Page Numbers of Chapter.
           Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication.

         An Example (p 145):
       Spirn, Anne Whiston. "Constructing Nature: The Legacy
            of Frederick Law Olmsted." In Uncommon Ground:
            Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, edited by
            William Cronon, 91-113. New York: W.W. Norton and
            Company, 1996.

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MULTIVOLUME WORK  (Chicago Manual of Style)

"Citing a particular volume in a note. If a particular volume of a multivolume work is cited, the volume number and the individual volume title, if there is one, are given in addition to the general title...[and] only the date of the cited volume is given." (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 667) See the 2 examples below.

In the following example, the volume cited---volume 2---has its own individual title, Theory of Gene Frequencies.  The date cited is the date when volume 2 was published.  The citation ends with the page number cited.

           An Example of a NOTE when Citing a Particular
         Volume with an Individual Title (Chicago Manual
         of Style, p. 667):
         37. Sewell Wright, Evolution and the Genetics of
    Populations, vol. 2, Theory of Gene Frequencies (Chicago:
    University of Chicago Press, 1969), 129.

In the following example, only volume 4 is cited, and it does not have an individual title. The number after the colon is the page number cited.

         An Example of a NOTE when Citing a Particular
         Volume without an Individual Title (Chicago
         of Style, p. 667):
        36. Muriel St. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters
   (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 4:243.

In the following example for a bibliography, the volume cited---volume 1---is entitled The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition:

         An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY when Citing a
        Particular Volume (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 667):
        Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of
             of the Development of Doctrine. Vol. 1, The Emergence
             of the Catholic Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago
             Press, 1971.

"When a multivolume work is cited as whole, the total number of volumes is given after the title of the work (or, if an editor as well as an author is mentioned, after the editor's name). If the volumes have been published over several years, the range of years is given." (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 666)  See the following example:  

         An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY when Citing the
       Multivolume Work as a Whole (Chicago Manual of
       Style, p. 666):
        Aristotle. Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised
             Oxford Translation. Edited by J. Barnes. 2 vols.
             Bollingen Series. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
             Press, 1983.            

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REFERENCE BOOK
"Well-known reference works, such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias, should usually be cited only in notes." (p. 191)

See the following example of a less well known reference work, which is cited in both a note and a bibliography:

          An Example of a NOTE:
         3. Walter Laquer and Judith Taylor Baumel, eds.,
     The Holocaust Encyclopedia (New Haven: Yale University
     Press, 2001), 32-33.

          An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
         Laquer, Walter, and Judith Taylor Baumel, eds. The
              Holocaust Encyclopedia. New Haven: Yale         
              University Press, 2001.

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REPRINT (FOR EX., A PAPERBACK)
"A book may...be reissued in a new format---for example, in a paperback edition... cite the reprint edition if you consulted it." (p. 171)

            An Example of a NOTE (p. 171):
            23. Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War, 1840-1842 (1975;
     repr., Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997),
     67-68.   

             An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 171):
           Fay, Peter Ward. The Opium War, 1840-1842. 1975.
               Reprint, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina
               Press, 1997.   

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REVISED (LATER) EDITION
"Include the publication date only of the edition you are citing, not of any previous editions." (p. 171)

           An Example of a NOTE (p. 171):
           1. Paul J. Bolt, Damon V. Coletta, and Collins G.
      Shackelford Jr., American Defense Policy, 8th ed.
      (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 157-58.

            An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 171):
         Babb, Florence. Between Field and Cooking Pot: The
              Political Economy of Marketwomen in Peru. Rev. ed.
              Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.

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SACRED WORK (Bible, Qur'an, etc.)
"For citations from the Bible, include the abbreviated name of the book, the chapter number, and the verse number---never a page number." (p. 190) See pp. 341-343 in Turabian for abbreviations for names of the books of the Bible.

"Since books and numbering differ among versions of the scriptures, identify the version you are using in your first citation, either with the spelled-out name or an accepted abbreviation." (p. 191) See page 343 in Turabian for abbreviations for versions of the Bible.

             An Example of a FIRST NOTE for a Bible Citation:  
           6. Matt. 5:11-13 (New Revised Standard Version).

              An Example of a SUBSEQUENT NOTE:   
           7. Matt. 15:1-10.

"Many sacred works of other religious traditions are divided into parts...Capitalize...the names of the works themselves...but italicize the names of their parts..." (p. 343)  Note-Both of the following examples are from the same passage and both are equally correct note citations for that passage:

              An Example of NOTE for the Qur'an (p. 344):
           5. Qur'an 2 (al-Baqarah): 257
   
              Another Example of a NOTE for the Qur'an
           (p. 344):
           5. Qur'an 2:257

 "Cite the Bible and sacred works of other religious traditions in [notes]. You do not need to include these works in your bibliography." (p. 190) 

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TWO OR MORE WORKS BY ONE AUTHOR
"If your bibliography includes two or more works written, edited, or translated by the same individual, arrange the entries alphabetically by title (ignoring articles such as a or the). For all entries after the first, replace the individual's name with a long dash...For edited or translated works, put a comma and the appropriate designation (ed., trans.,...) after the dash. List all such works before any that the individual coauthored or coedited." (p. 148)

      An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:    
      Ambrose, Stephen E. Citizen Soldiers: The U.S. Army
           from the Normandy Beaches to the Bulge to the
           Surrender of Germany, June 7, 1944-May 7, 1945.
           New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997.

     _____. The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew B-24s
           over Germany. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.
          
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E-Resources: Notes-Bibliography Style:

ARTICLE IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
"Include the stable URL listed, which also identifies the database in which you consulted the article." (p. 185)

           The Form of a NOTE:
           Note Number. Author, "Title of Article," Name of
     Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Date): Pages
     Cited, URL (accessed Date of Access).

            An Example of a NOTE:      
          6. Svante E. Cornell, "International Reactions to
     Massive Human Rights Violations: The Case of Chechnya,"
     Europe-Asia Studies 51, no. 1 (January 1999): 87-88,
     http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/153547.pdf
     (accessed May 16, 2008).

           An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
         Cornell, Svante E.  "International Reactions to Massive
              Human Rights Violations: The Case of Chechnya."
              Europe-Asia Studies 51, no. 1 (January 1999): 85-
              100. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/153547.pdf
              (accessed May 16, 2008).

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BLOG
"To cite an entry posted on a...blog by the author of the site...[give] the author's name and the date of the posting." (p. 199)

             An Example of a NOTE for an Entry by the Author
           of the Blog (p. 199):
           7. Gary Becker, "The New American Dilemma: Illegal
       Immigration," The Becker-Posner Blog, entry posted
       March 6, 2006, http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/
       archives/2006/03/the_new_america.html (accessed
       March 28, 2006).

"To cite a comment posted..by someone other than the author of the site...Identify the material as a comment, and include the date when the comment...was posted. If the comment author's name is incomplete or a pseudonym, add pseud. in brackets after the posted name." (p. 199)

              An Example of a NOTE for a Comment Posted by
           Someone Other than the Blog's Author (p. 199):
           8. Peter Pearson, comment on "The New American
      Dilemma: Illegal Immigration," The Becker-Posner Blog,
      comment posted March 6, 2006, http://www.becker-
      posner-blog.com/archives/2006/03/the_new_america.
      html#c080052 (accessed March 28, 2006).

"[A blog] should usually be cited only in a note." (p. 199) 

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BOOK REVIEW IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
"Include the stable URL listed, which also identifies the database..." (p. 185)

          The Form of a NOTE (pp. 192 & 185):
          Note Number. Reviewer, review of Title of Book, by
     Author or Editor, Name of Journal Volume Number,
     Issue Number (Date): Pages Cited, URL (accessed Date
     of Access).

          An Example:
         1. Ann Kent, review of China Beyond the Headlines,
     by Timothy B. Weston and Lionel M. Jensen, eds., China
     Journal no. 46 (2001): 151, http://jstor.org/stable/
     pdfplus/3182315.pdf (accessed May 29, 2008).

"Reviews of books...should usually be cited only in a note. You generally need not include them in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific review that is critical to your argument or frequently cited." (p. 192)  If you decide to cite the book review in your bibliography, here is the form and an example:

     The Form for a BIBLIOGRAPHY if You Cite the Review in
     Your Bibliography (pp. 192 & 185):
     Reviewer. Review of Title of the Book, by Author of
          the Book. Name of Journal Volume Number, Issue
          Number (Date): Page Numbers of the Review. URL
          (accessed Date of Access).

           An Example:
         Kent, Ann. Review of China Beyond the Headlines, by
              Timothy B. Weston and Lionel M. Jensen, eds. China
              Journal no. 46 (July 2001): 150-151. http://jstor.org/
              stable/pdfplus/3182315.pdf (accessed May 29, 2008).

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DISSERTATION IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
"To cite a dissertation consulted in an online database, add the name of the database, the URL, and the access date following the institutional information." (p. 194)

               An Example of a NOTE:
            8. Carole McGranahan, "Arrested Histories: Between
       Empire and Exile in 20th Century Tibet" (PhD diss.,
       University of Michigan, 2001), 24, in ProQuest Dissertations
       and Theses, http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=7260243
       71&sid=2&clientId=19335&RQT=309&VName=PQD (accessed
       June 25, 2008).  

              An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
           McGranahan, Carole. "Arrested Histories: Between
                Empire and Exile in 20th Century Tibet." PhD diss.,
                University of Michigan, 2001. In ProQuest Dissertations
                and Theses, http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=
                726024371&sid=2&clientId=19335&RQT=309&VName=PQD
                (accessed June 25, 2008).     

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E-BOOK
"...include the URL and the date you accessed the material. Note that a URL alone is not sufficient; you must provide the full facts of publication, as far as they can be determined... (p. 181)   

The library's source of e-books is NetLibrary. There is not an individual URL for each e-book in NetLibrary, so use the URL for NetLibrary, www.netlibrary.com.  See the following example:

                 The Form of a NOTE for a NetLibrary E-Book:
              Note Number. Author, Title of Book (Place of
         Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), Pages
         Cited, URL (accessed Date of Access).

                An Example:
             9. Carl A. Brasseaux, Acadian to Cajun:
         Transformation of a People, 1803-1877 (Jackson:
         University Press of Mississippi, 1992), 12, www.
         netlibrary.com (accessed June 25, 2008).

         The Form for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
        Author. Title of the Book. Place of Publication:
            Publisher, Date. URL (accessed Date of Access).

              An Example:        
           Brasseaux, Carl A. Acadian to Cajun: Transformation
                of a People, 1803-1877. Jackson: University Press
                of Mississippi, 1992. www.netlibrary.com (accessed
                May 19, 2008).

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GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ONLINE (See Government Documents)

MULTIMEDIA FILE
"If you viewed an image, a live performance, a movie, or a television program or other broadcast source online (including podcasts), cite the online file...list the title of the online site, the type of file, and (in notes, if relevant) the time at which the cited material appears in the file. Include the URL and an access date...If a file lacks an individual URL...cite the site as a whole." (pp. 203-04)

            An Example of a NOTE (p. 204):
           12. BBC, "Blair Announces New Africa Panel," BBC
      News Web site, Windows Media Player video file, 3:43,
      http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolavconsole/ifs_news/hi/newsid_
      5110000/newsid_5119200/nb_wm_511962.stm (accessed
      June 27, 2006).

           An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 204):
         BBC. "Blair Announces New Africa Panel." BBC News Web
              site. Windows Media Player video file. http://news.
              bbc.co.uk/nolavconsole/ifs_news/hi/newsid_5110000/
              newsid_5119200/nb_wm_5119262.stm (accessed
              June 27, 2006).

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NEWSPAPER ARTICLE ONLINE
"For online newspapers...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p. 188) "Omit page numbers, because a newspaper may have several editions..." (p. 186)

             An Example of a NOTE for a Newspaper Article
            from a Library Database:
           10. Pam Radtke Russell, "Here Comes the Sun: Solar
       Power Starts to Shine in Lower 9th," Times Picayune,
       March 11, 2007, http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/
       lnacademic/results/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=
       21_T3847435 (accessed May 29, 2008).

               An Example of a NOTE for a Newspaper Article
            from a Newspaper's Web Site:
            11. Sabrina Tavernise, "After '05 Uzbek Uprising,
       Issues Linger for West," New York Times, May 29, 2008,
       http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/world/asia/
       29uzbek.html (accessed May 29, 2008).

"In most cases, cite articles and other pieces from daily newspapers only in notes." (p. 186)

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WEB SITE  
"...include as much of the following as you can: author, title of the page..., title or owner of the site..., URL, and access date...If there is no named author, give the name of the owner of the site." (p. 198)

             An Example of a NOTE:
            14. Avalon Project at Yale Law School, "Camp David
       Accords: September 17, 1978," Lillian Goldman Law Library,
       http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/campdav.htm
       (accessed May 20, 2008).

              An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
            Avalon Project at Yale Law School. "Camp David
                Accords: September 17, 1978." Lillian Goldman
                Law Library. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/
                avalon/mideast/campdav.htm (accessed May 20,
                2008).

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Government Documents: Notes-Bibliography Style:


CONGRESSIONAL BILL OR RESOLUTION
"In citations, bills and resolutions originating in the House of Representatives are abbreviated HR and those originating in the Senate, S." (p. 207)  "To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p. 215)

              The Form of a NOTE for a Bill or Resolution Online:
           Note Number. Title, Bill or Resolution Number,
      Number of the Congress, Number of the Session, Date,
      URL (accessed Date of Access).

             An Example of a NOTE:
           14. To Provide for the Acknowledgement of the
       Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, and for Other Purposes,
       S 333, 110th Cong., 1st sess., 2007, http://frwebgate.
       access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_
       bills&docid=f:s333is.txt (accessed June 10, 2008).

      An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
          U.S. Congress. Senate. To Provide for the
               Acknowledgement of the Lumbee Tribe of North
               Carolina, and for Other Purposes. S 333. 110th
               Cong., 1st sess., 2007. http://frwebgate.access.       
                gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_
                bills&docid=f:s333is.txt (accessed June 10, 2008).

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CONGRESSIONAL HEARING
"Records of testimony given before congressional committees are usually published with titles, which should be included in citations. List the relevant committee as author." (p. 207)  "To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p 215)

             The Form of a NOTE for a Hearing Online:          
           Note Number. Committee Name, Title, Number of
      Congress, Number of Session, Date, Pages Cited, URL
      (accessed Date of Access).    

               An Example of a NOTE:
            13. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and
       Governmental Affairs, Hurricane Katrina: The Role of
       the Governors in Managing the Catastrophe: Hearing
       Before the Committee on Homeland Security and
       Governmental Affairs, 109th Cong., 2d sess., 2006, 14,
       http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?
       dbname=109_senate_hearings&docid=f:27024.pdf
       (accessed June 11, 2008).

        An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
        U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security
             and Governmental Affairs. Hurricane Katrina: The
             Role of the Governors in Managing the Catastrophe:
             Hearing before the Committee on Homeland Security
             and Governmental Affairs. 109th Cong., 2d sess.,
             February 26, 2006. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/
             cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_senate_hearings&
             docid=f:27024.pdf (accessed June 11, 2008).   
  
See the following examples of a congressional hearing not online:
  
           An Example of a NOTE for a Hearing Not Online:
           6. House Committee on Foreign Affairs, The Kyoto
       Protocol: An Update: Hearing Before the Subcommittee
       on Asia, the Pacific, and the Global Environment, 110th
       Cong., 1st sess., 2007, 2.                   

If the source is on microfiche or microfilm: "Specify the form of publication (fiche, microfilm...) after the facts of publication." (p. 258) See the following example of a congressional hearing on microfiche:

           An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY of a Hearing Not Online:
          U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs.
               The Kyoto Protocol: An Update: Hearing before the
               Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and the Global
               Environment. 110th Cong., 1st sess., July 11, 2007.
               Text-fiche.

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CONGRESSIONAL REPORT OR DOCUMENT
"When you cite reports and documents of the Senate (abbreviated S.) and the House (H.), include both the Congress and session numbers, and, if possible, the series number." (p. 207)  "To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p. 215)

                The Form of a NOTE for a Report or Document Online:          
             Note Number. Committee Name, Title, Number of
        Congress, Number of Session, Date, Report or
        Document Number, Pages Cited, URL (accessed Date
        of Access).

               An Example of a NOTE:
            8. Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the
       Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, A
       Failure of Iniative: Supplementary Report and Document
       Annex, 109th Cong., 2d sess., 2006, H. Rep. 396, 13,
       http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?
       dbname=109%5Fcong%5Freports&docid=f:hr396.109.pdf
       (accessed June 30, 2008).

          An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
            U.S. Congress. House. Select Bipartisan Committee to
                Investigate the Preparation for and Response to
                Hurricane Katrina. A Failure of Initiative:
                Supplementary Report and Document Annex. 109th
                Cong., 2d sess., 2006. H. Rep. 396. http://
                frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?
                dbname=109%5Fcong%5Freports&docid=f:hr396.109
                .pdf (accessed June 30, 2008).

See the following form and examples for a congressional report or document not online:

            The Form of a NOTE for a Report or Document Not
            Online:
            Note Number. Committee Name, Title, Number of
        Congress, Number of Session, Date, Report or Document
        Number, Pages Cited.
          
               An Example of a NOTE for a Report or Document Not
            Online (p. 207):
            9. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, The Mutual
        Security Act of 1956, 84th Cong., 2d sess., 1956, S. Rep.
        2273, 9-10.
 
If the source is on microfiche or microfilm: "Specify the form of publication (fiche, microfilm...) after the facts of publication." (p. 258) See the following example of a congressional report or document on microfiche:
       
               An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY of a Report or Document
             Not Online:
             U.S. Congress. House. Beach Protection Act of 2007:
                 Report (to Accompany H.R. 2537) (Including Cost
                 Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). 110th
                 Cong., 1st sess., 2007. H. Rep. 491. Text-fiche.

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GOVT. AGENCY OR DEPT.'S PUBLICATION
"Executive departments, bureaus, and agencies issue reports, bulletins,...and other materials. Include the name of an identified author after the title" [if an author is given]. (p. 209)  "To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p. 215)

            The Form of a NOTE for a Govt. Agency or Dept.'s
           Publication Online:
           Note Number. Name of Agency or Department, Title,
       Date, Pages Cited, URL (accessed Date of Access).

             An Example of a NOTE:
          13. U.S. Office of Community Planning and Development,
       The Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress,
       2007, 2, http://www.huduser.org/Publications/pdf/ahar.
       pdf (accessed June 11, 2008).

           An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
          U.S. Office of Community Planning and Development.
               The Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress.
               Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban
               Development, 2007. http://www.huduser.org/               
               Publications/pdf/ahar.pdf (accessed June 11, 2008).  
 

See the following form and examples for a govt. agency or dept.'s publication not online:

            The Form of a NOTE for a Govt. Agency or Dept.'s
            Publication Not Online:
           Note Number. Name of Agency or Department, Title,
       Date (Place of Publication, Pages Cited).

            An Example of a NOTE for a Govt. Agency or Dept.'s
          Publication Not Online:
          15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Fellowships:
       Opportunities Abound for Promising Degree Candidates in
       Environmental Sciences, Policy and Engineering, 2007
       (Washington, DC, 4-5).              
       
           An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY of a Govt. Agency or
         Dept.'s Publication Not Online:
         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Fellowships:
             Opportunities Abound for Promising Degree
             Candidates in Environmental Sciences, Policy and
             Engineering. Washington, DC: Office of Research and
             Development, 2007.   

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PRESIDENTIAL PUBLICATION
"Presidential proclamations, executive orders, vetoes, addresses, and the like are published in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents and in Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States." (p. 208)  "To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p. 215)

            The Form of a NOTE for a Presidential Publication Online    
          in Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents:
          Note Number. President, Type of Publication if Given,
      "Title of Document," Title of Source Volume Number if There is
      One (Date) Pages Cited, URL (accessed Date of Access).

             An Example of a NOTE:
           2. President, "Interview with Richard Engel of NBC News
      in Sharm el-Sheikh," Weekly Compilation of Presidential
      Documents 44 (May 18, 2008):725, http://frwebgate1.
      access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.cgi?WAISdocID=293657204
      270+0+0+0&WAISaction=retrieve (accessed June 12, 2008).
        
           An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
         U.S. President. "Interview with Richard Engel of NBC
               News in Sharm el-Sheikh." Weekly Compilation of
               Presidential Documents 44 (May 18, 2008): 725-30.
               http://frwebgate1.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.
               cgi? WAISdocID=293657204270+0+0+0&WAIS
               action=retrieve (accessed June 12, 2008).
     
            The Form of a NOTE for a Presidential Publication Online in
          Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States:
          Note Number. President's Name, "Name of Paper," Title of
      Source (Date), Volume: Pages Cited, URL (accessed Date
      of Access).

              An Example of a NOTE:
           3. William J. Clinton, "Remarks on the Nuclear Agreement
       with North Korea," Public Papers of the Presidents of the
       United States (October 18, 1994), 2:1795, http://frwebgate1.
       access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.cgi?WAISdocID=2944942081
       17+0+0+0&WAISaction=retrieve (accessed June 12, 2008).

            An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
           Clinton, William J. "Remarks on the Nuclear Agreement
              with North Korea." Public Papers of the Presidents of
              the United States 2 (October 18, 1994): 1794-95.      
              http://frwebgate1.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.
              cgi?WAISdocD=294494208117+0+0+0&IWAISaction=
              retrieve (accessed June 12, 2008). 

See the following form and examples for a presidential publication not online:

           The Form of a NOTE for a Presidential Publication Not
          Online:
          Note Number. President's Name, Title of Source (Place of
      Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), Volume: Pages
      Cited.

           An Example of a NOTE for a Presidential Publication Not
          Online:
             4. Herbert Hoover, Public Papers of the Presidents of the
      United States: Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933, (Washington, DC:
      Government Printing Office, 1974-77), 2:12.

        An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY of a Presidential Publication
      Not Online:
      Hoover, Herbert. Public Papers of the Presidents of the
               United States: Herbert Hoover, 1929-33. 4 vols.
               Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1974-77.

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TREATY
"Put titles of treaties...in quotation marks...An exact date indicates the date of signing and is therefore preferable to a year alone, which may differ from the year the treaty was published." (p. 210) "To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p. 215)

           An Example of a NOTE for a Treaty Online:
           3. "Paris Peace Treaty," September 3, 1783, Avalon
      Project at Yale Law School, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/
      avalon/diplomacy/britain/paris.htm (accessed June 11, 2008). 

       An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
       Avalon Project at Yale Law School. "The Paris Peace
            Treaty of September 3, 1783." Lillian Goldman Law
            Library. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/
            diplomacy/britain/paris.htm (accessed June 11, 2008).

              An Example of a NOTE for a Treaty Not Online:
           8. "Naval Armament Limitation Treaty," February 26, 1922,
      U.S. Statutes at Large 43, pt. 2.     

           An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY of a Treaty Not Online:
           United States. "Naval Armament Limitation Treaty."
               February 26, 1922. U.S. Statutes at Large 43,
               pt. 2 (1922).

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U.S. CONSTITUTION

"The U.S. Constitution should be cited only in notes...Include the article or amendment, section, and, if relevant, clause. (pp. 209-210)

              An Example of a NOTE for an Article of the
              Constitution (p. 210):
              32. U.S. Constitution, art. 2, sec. 1, cl. 3.

              An Example of a NOTE for an Amendment to
              the Constitution (p. 210):
              33. U.S. Constitution, amend. 14, sec. 2.

"The U.S. Constitution should be cited only in notes..." (p. 209)

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U.S. STATUTE

          The Form for a NOTE for a U.S. Statute:
          Note Number. Name of Statute, Public Law
     Number, U.S. Statutes at Large Volume (Date):
     Pages Cited.

          An Example (p. 208):
          19. Telecommunications Act of 1996, Public Law
     104-104, U.S. Statutes at Large 110 (1996): 56.

"Cite statutes in notes only; you do not need to include them in your bibliography." (p. 208)


U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISION
"For Supreme Court decisions, cite United States Supreme Court Reports (abbreviated U.S.) or, if not yet published there, Supreme Court Reporter (abbreviated S. Ct.)." (p. 211) "To cite online public documents...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p. 215)

            The Form of a NOTE for a Supreme Court Decision
            Online:
            Note Number. Name of Decision, Volume Number U.S.
       Page Number (Date), URL (accessed Date of Access).
      
              An Example:
              7. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), http://
        supreme.justia.com/us/410/113/case.html (accessed
        June 11, 2008).

            The Form of a NOTE for a Supreme Court Decision
            Not Online:
            Note Number. Name of Decision, Volume Number U.S.
       Page Number (Date).

              An Example of a NOTE for a Supreme Court Decision
              Not Online (p. 211):
              21. AT&T Corp. v. Iowa Utilities Bd., 525 U.S. 366
         (1999).

Legal cases are cited only in notes, not in a bibliography.

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Journals in Print: Notes-Bibliography Style:

ARTICLE IN A PRINT JOURNAL
"If you cite a particular passage in a note, give only the specific page(s) cited... [but] for a note that cites the entire article, give the full span of page numbers for the article." (p. 184) "For a bibliography entry...give the full span of page numbers for the article." (p. 184)
    
              The Form of a NOTE if There is a Volume Number
             & an Issue Number:
              Note Number. Author, "Title of Article," Journal Name
         Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date): Pages Cited.         

                 An Example of a NOTE (p. 183):
                 2. Christopher S. Mackay, "Lactantius and the
         Succession to Diocletian," Classical Philology 94, no. 2
         (1999): 205.
        
                    An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 183):
                Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs, and Jon Agnone.
                     "Political Opportunities and African-American
                     Protest, 1948-1997." American Journal of
                     Sociology 109, no. 2 (September 2003): 277-303.
       
                 The Form of a NOTE if There is Only a Volume
                 Number:
                 Note Number. Author, "Title of Article," Journal Name
          Volume Number (Date): Pages Cited.

                  An Example of a NOTE (p. 184):
                  4. Tim Hitchcock, "Begging on the Streets of
          Eighteenth-century London," Journal of British Studies 44
          (July 2005): 478.    

              An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 183):
              Kumar, Rahul. "Reasonable Reasons in Contractualist
                  Moral Argument." Ethics 114 (October 2003): 6-37.   

                  The Form of a NOTE if There is Only an Issue Number:
               Note Number. Author, "Title of Article," Journal Name,
          Issue Number (Date): Pages Cited.

                An Example of a NOTE (p. 183):
              2. J. M. Beattie, "The Pattern of Crime in England,
         1660-1800," Past and Present, no. 62 (1974): 47-48.       

               An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 183):
              Beattie, J. M. "The Pattern of Crime in England, 1660-
                   1800." Past and Present, no. 62 (1974): 47-95.

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BOOK REVIEW IN A PRINT JOURNAL

           The Form of a NOTE:
          Note Number. Reviewer, review of Title of Book, by
     Author or Editor, Name of Journal Volume Number,
     Issue Number (Date): Pages Cited.

           An Example:
         1. Jerry P. Sanson, review of A Fierce and Fractious
     Frontier: The Curious Development of Louisiana's Florida
     Parishes, 1699-2000, by Samuel C. Hyde, Jr., ed., Louisiana
     History 46, no. 4 (2005): 497.

"Reviews of books...should usually be cited only in a note. You generally need not include them in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific review that is critical to your argument or frequently cited." (p. 192) If you decide to cite the review in your bibliography, here is the form and an example:

        The Form for a BIBLIOGRAPHY if You Do Cite the
        Review in Your Bibliography:
        Reviewer. Review of Title of Book, by Author of the
             Book. Name of Journal Volume Number, Issue
             Number (Date): Page Numbers of the Review.

           An Example:
         Sanson, Jerry P. Review of A Fierce and Fractious
              Frontier: The Curious Development of Louisiana's
              Florida Parishes, 1699-2000, by Samuel C. Hyde,
              Jr., ed. Louisiana History 46, no. 4 (Fall 2005):
              495-497.

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NEWSPAPER ARTICLE IN PRINT

          An Example of a NOTE (p. 187):          
          9. Blair Kamin, "Wrigley Building Clearly a Landmark,"
     Chicago Tribune, July 1, 2005.

"In most cases, cite articles and other pieces from daily newspapers only in notes. You generally need not include them in your bibliography..." (p. 186)

                     (Return to the Top of the Page)
  
Unpublished Sources: Notes-Bibliography Style:

DISSERTATION OR THESIS IN PRINT
"If you consult an unpublished thesis or dissertation in print form, treat it as an unpublished manuscript. After the author and title, list the kind of thesis, the academic institution, and the date." (p. 194)

             The Form of a NOTE for a Dissertation in Print:
           Note Number. Author, "Title of Dissertation"
     (PhD diss., University, Date), Pages Cited.

          An Example of a NOTE for a Dissertation (p. 194):
          3. Priscilla Coit Murphy, "What a Book Can Do:
      Silent Spring and Media-Borne Public Debate" (PhD
      diss., University of North Carolina, 2000), 10.

          An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 194):
          Murphy, Priscilla Coit. "What a Book Can Do: Silent
                 Spring and Media-Borne Public Debate." PhD
                 diss., University of North Carolina, 2000.

           The Form of a NOTE for a Thesis in Print:
           Note Number. Author, "Title of Thesis" (master's
       thesis, University, Date), Pages Cited.

           An Example of a NOTE for a Thesis:
           6. Carrie Elisabeth Robertson, "Control of Type 2
     Diabetes Mellitus Using Interactive Internet Based Support
     on a Lakota Reservation" (master's thesis, South Dakota
     State University, 2006), 2.

            An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 194):
           Culcasi, Karen Leigh. "Cartographic Representations
                 of Kurdistan in the Print Media." Master's thesis,
                 Syracuse University, 2003.

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INTERVIEW
"Begin the note with the names of the person interviewed and the interviewer; also include the place and date of the interview (if known) and the location of any tapes or transcripts (if available)." (p. 195)

              An Example of a NOTE for an Unpublished Interview
              by the Author of the Paper (p. 195):
             7. Andrew Macmillan, interview by author, San Diego,
        CA, March 2, 2007.

              An Example of a NOTE for an Unpublished Interview
             by Someone Other than the Paper's Author (p. 195):
             14. Benjamin Spock, interview by Milton J. E. Senn,
        November 20, 1974, interview 67A, transcript, Senn Oral
        History Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
        MD.

"Unpublished interviews (including those you have conducted yourself) should usually be cited only in notes." (p. 195)

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LECTURE OR PAPER AT A MEETING
"After the author and title of the speech or paper, list the sponsorship, location, and date of the meeting...Enclose this information in parentheses in a note..." (p. 195)

             An Example of a NOTE for a Lecture (p 195):
            2. John Troutman, "Indian Blues: American Indians
        and the Politics of Music, 1890-1935" (lecture, Newberry
        Library, Chicago, IL, February 2, 2005).

             An Example of a NOTE for a Paper (p. 195):
            7. Karene Grad, "When High Culture Was Popular
       Culture" (paper presented at the annual meeting of the
       Organization of American Historians, Boston, MA, March
       26, 2004).

              An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY (p. 195):
           Skocpol, Theda. "Voice and Inequality: The
                Transformation of American Civic Democracy."
                Presidential address, annual meeting of the
                American Political Science Association, Philadelphia,
                PA, August 28, 2003.

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LETTER
"Cite conversations, letters, e-mail messages, and the like only in notes...The key elements are the name of the other person, the type of communication, and the date of the communication." (pp. 195-196)

             An Example of NOTE for a Letter:
          7. Jean Seile, letter to author, June 26, 2008



Videos: Notes-Bibliography Style:
"Citations of video recordings generally follow the pattern for books, with the addition of the medium (VHS, DVD)." (p. 203)

             An Example of a NOTE:
           7. Roberta Grossman, 500 Nations, DVD, directed by
      Jack Leustig (Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2004).

            An Example for a BIBLIOGRAPHY:
           Grossman, Roberta. 500 Nations. DVD. Directed by Jack
                Leustig. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2004.       

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____________________________________________________________________________________


Margins, Page Numbers, Spacing, & Title Page:

Margins:
"Leave a margin of at least one inch on all four edges of the page."  (p. 374) 

Page Numbers:
"If your only front matter is a title page, do not number that page. Number pages in the body of the paper and the back matter...starting on the first page of text." (p. 375) "Page numbers are usually placed in one of three locations: centered...at the bottom of the page, centered...at the top of the page, or flush right...For class papers, choose one of these locations and follow it consistently." (p. 376)

Spacing:
Spacing in the text of the paper: "Double-space all text in papers..." (p. 375)

(The exceptions are "block quotations" and "table titles and figure captions" which "should be single-spaced," and "the following which should be single-spaced internally but with a blank line between items:"...a "table of contents," if there is one, and "any lists of figures, tables, and abbreviations," and "footnotes or endnotes," and "bibliographies or reference lists" which "should be single-spaced internally but with a blank line between items.") (p. 375) 

Spacing between sentences: "Put only one space, not two, following the terminal punctuation of a sentence." (p. 375)

Spacing for notes: Footnotes or endnotes and bibliographies or reference lists "should be single-spaced internally but with a blank line between items..." (p. 375)

Title Page:
"Class papers should begin with a title page (though some put the title on the first page of the text; consult with your instructor). Place the title of the paper a third of the way down the page, usually centered. If the paper has both a main title and a subtitle, put the main title on a single line, followed by a colon, and begin the subtitle on the next line. Several lines below it, place your name along with any information requested by your instructor, such as the course title (including its department and number) and the date." (p. 386)

See an example of a title page on p. 378 (Figure A.1) in the 7th edition of Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, which is available at the Reference desk in the library.

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__________________________________________________________________________________

Parenthetical Citations-Reference List Style:

"In reference list style, you signal that you have used a source by placing a parenthetical citation (including author, date, and relevant page numbers) next to your reference to that source...At the end of the paper, you list all sources in a reference list...Since parenthetical citations do not include complete bibliographical information for a source, you must include that information in your reference list." (pp. 216-217)

Parenthetical Citations: The Basic Form
(p. 218):
(Author's Last Name Date of Publication, Pages Cited)

Reference List:
"Label the list References. See figure A.16 [on p. 402 in the 7th edition of Turabian's Manual] for a sample page of a reference list." (p. 221)  "A reference list is normally a single list of all sources arranged alphabetically by the last name of the author, editor, or whoever is first in each entry." (p. 221) "If a book or journal article does not have an author or editor (or other named compiler, such as a translator), put the title first in your reference list entry and alphabetize based on it, ignoring articles such as a or the." (p. 222) "Reference list entries have a hanging indentation: the first line is flush left and all following lines are indented the same space as paragraphs." (p. 221)

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Examples: Parenthetical Citations-Reference List:
(Click on each to go to an example)

Books
BOOK (MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR)
BOOK (ONE AUTHOR)
BOOK W/ EDITOR(S)

E-Resources
ARTICLE IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
BOOK REVIEW IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
E-BOOK
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ONLINE
WEB SITE

Government Documents  
GOV'T. AGENCY OR DEPT.'S PUBLICATION
PRESIDENTIAL PUBLICATION
U.S. CONSTITUTION
U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISION

Journals in Print  
ARTICLE IN A PRINT JOURNAL
BOOK REVIEW IN A PRINT JOURNAL

Unpublished Sources  
INTERVIEW
LECTURE OR PAPER AT A MEETING

Videos


Books - Parenthetical Citations & Reference List:

BOOK (MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR) (pp. 218-19)

         The Form of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION for
       2 Authors (p. 218):
       (Authors' Last Names Date, Pages Cited)

      An Example for 2 Authors:
       (Cannon and Griffiths 1988, 12)

        An Example for 3 Authors (p. 219):
       (Appleby, Hunt, and Jacob 1994, 135-36)

        An Example for 4 or More Authors (p. 219):
       (Hall et al. 1987, 114-15)

       An Example for a REFERENCE LIST:
       Cannon, John Ashton, and Ralph Griffiths. 1988.
            The Oxford illustrated history of the British
            monarchy. New York: Oxford University Press.

                     (Return to the Top of the Page)   

BOOK (ONE AUTHOR)

     The Form of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION for a Book
     (p. 218):
     (Author's Last Name Date of Publication, Pages Cited)

       An Example:
       (Girard 2005, 14)
   
     The Form for a REFERENCE LIST of a Book (p. 218):    
     Author. Date of Publication. Title of book. Place
          of Publication: Publisher.

       An Example:
       Girard, Philippe R. 2005. Paradise lost: Haiti's
            tumultuous journey from pearl of the Caribbean
            to Third World hot spot. New York: Palgrave
            MacMillan.

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BOOK W/ EDITOR(S)
Use the last name(s) of the editor(s) in the parenthetical citation. (p. 218)

        An Example of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
       (Fulop and Raboteau 1997, 11)

      An Example for a REFERENCE LIST (p. 231):    
      Fulop, Timothy E., and Albert J. Raboteau, eds. 1997.
           African-American religion: Interpretive essays in
           history and culture. New York: Routledge.

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E-Resources - Parenthetical Citations &
Reference List:

ARTICLE IN A LIBRARY DATABASE

       The Form for a PARENTHETICAL CITATION
       (p. 251):      
       (Author's Last Name Date of Publication, Pages Cited)

       An Example w/ 2 Authors:      
       (Johnson and Smith 2005, 11)

        An Example w/ 3 Authors (p. 247):   
       (Jenkins, Jacobs, and Agnone 2003, 298-99)

       An Example w/ 4 or More Authors:
       (Maoz et al. 2002, 530)
 
In the reference list, "...include the stable URL listed, which also identifies the database in which you consulted the article." (p. 251) See the following form and an example:

     The Form for a REFERENCE LIST of an Article in a
     Library Database:
     Author. Year Article was Published. Title of article.
            Journal Name Volume Number, Issue Number
            (Month Article was Published): Page Numbers of
            the Article. URL (accessed Date of Access).

      An Example (p. 251):
       Cornell, Svante E. 1999. International reactions to
            massive human rights violations: The case of
            Chechnya. Europe-Asia Studies 51, no. 1
            (January): 85-100. http://www.jstor.org.stable/
            pdfplus/153547.pdf (accessed May 16, 2008).

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BOOK REVIEW IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
Although an example of a parenthetical citation for a book review is not provided in Turabian's Manual, the following form and example are based on the example in the 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (p. 704):

      The Form of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION for a
     Book Review (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 704):
     (Reviewer's Name Date of Publication, Page Cited)

       An Example:  
     (Kent 2001, 151)

The 7th ed. of Turabian's Manual states: "In your reference list, include the name of the reviewer; the words review of, followed by the name of the work being reviewed and its author..." (p. 257)  "Include the stable URL listed, which also identifies the database in which you consulted the article." (p. 251)

     The Form for a REFERENCE LIST of a Book Review in a
     Library Database:
     Reviewer's Name. Year Published. Review of Title of book,
          by Author of Book. Journal Name Volume Number,
          Issue Number (Month Review was Published): Page
          Numbers of Review. URL (accessed Date of Access).

        An Example:    
      Kent, Ann. 2001. Review of China beyond the headlines,
            ed. Timothy B. Weston and Lionel M. Jensen. China
            Journal 46 (July): 150-51. http://jstor.org/stable/
            pdfplus/3182315.pdf (accessed May 29, 2008).

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E-BOOK

          An Example of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION
         for an E-Book with Page Numbers:
         (Brasseaux 1992, 39)

        An Example of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION for
         an E-Book without Page Numbers (p. 246):
          (Samora and Vandel Simon 2000)

In the reference list, "...include the URL and the date you accessed the material." (p. 246) See the following example:

           An Example for a REFERENCE LIST
         (a NetLibrary e-book):
         Brasseaux, Carl A. 1992. Acadian to Cajun:
              Transformation of a people, 1803-1877. Jackson:
              University Press of Mississippi. www.netlibrary.com
              (accessed May 19, 2008).

          Another E-Book Example for a REFERENCE LIST:
        Samora, Julian, and Patricia Vandel Simon. 2000. A history
               of the Mexican-American people. Rev. ed. East Lansing,
               MI: Julian Samora Research Institute, Michigan State
               University. http://www.jsri.msu.edu/museum/pubs/
               MexAmHist/chapter14.html#six (accessed December 19,
               2005).

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GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ONLINE (See GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS)


WEB SITE
Although an example of a parenthetical citation is not provided, the following example seems logical:

        An Example of a PARENTHETICAL CITATION:  
      (Avalon Project at Yale Law School 1978)

         An Example for a REFERENCE LIST (p. 263):
        Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Camp David
              Accords: September 17, 1978.  Lillian Goldman
              Law Library. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/
              avalon/mideast/campdav.htm (accessed May
              20, 2008).