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For more information, see the
7th edition of
Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for
Authors,
Editors, and Publishers, which is available in McNeese Library's Reference
Department.
Note: The examples on this web page follow the
"name-year system" (p.
492), and those which are from the CSE Manual are
changed, if necessary, to follow this
format. (Some of the examples in the CSE Manual are
only shown in the citation-sequence system and have to be converted to the
name-year system.)
Hyperlinked Table of Contents
(Click each one to go directly to the example):
Books
BOOK WITH AUTHOR(S)
BOOK WITH EDITOR(S)
BOOK WITH EDITOR(S) & AUTHOR(S)
NO AUTHOR
ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR
PART OF BOOK (EX-CHAPTER) BY ONE OF THE AUTHORS
PART OF BOOK (EX-CHAPTER) BY ANOTHER AUTHOR
Conference Proceedings & Papers
E-Resources
ARTICLE FROM A JOURNAL IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
ARTICLE FROM A JOURNAL'S WEBSITE
E-BOOK
WEBSITE---ENTIRE WEBSITE
WEBSITE---PART OF THE WEBSITE
Print Journals
ENTIRE ARTICLE
PART OF THE ARTICLE (A TABLE, FIGURE, ETC.)
Technical Reports
WRITTEN & PUB. BY ORG. CONDUCTING RESEARCH
WRITTEN & PUB. BY ORG. FUNDING RESEARCH
WRITTEN BY ORG. CONDUCTING RESEARCH &
PUB. BY ORG. FUNDING RESEARCH
Theses & Dissertations
THESIS
DISSERTATION
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Books:
BOOK WITH AUTHOR(S)
(p. 528):
Note that in CSE style you use each author's last name and initials. "When
there are 2 to 10 authors, list them all...; if there are more than 10 authors,
list the first 10 followed by 'et al.'..." (p. 528)
The Form:
Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication:
publisher.
An Example with Two Authors:
Schott J, Priest J. 2002. Leading antenatal classes: a
practical guide. 2nd ed. Boston (MA): Books for Midwives.
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BOOK WITH EDITOR(S) (p. 528):
"Follow the last-named editor
by a comma and the word "editor" or "editors." (p. 528)
The Form:
Editor(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication:
publisher.
An Example:
Leeper FJ, Vederas JC, editors. 2000. Biosynthesis:
polyketides and vitamins. New York (NY): Springer.
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BOOK WITH EDITOR(S) & AUTHOR(S)
(p. 529):
"If both authors and editors are present, give the authors first and place the
editors after the title and any edition statement." (p. 529)
The Form:
Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Editor(s). Place of publication:
publisher.
An Example:
Martin EW. 1978. Hazards of medication. 2nd edition. Ruskin A,
Napke E, Alexander SF, Kelsey FO, Farage DJ, Mills DH, Elkas
RW, editors. Philadelphia (PA): J. B. Lippincott Company.
NO AUTHOR (p.
529):
"If neither a personal nor an organizational
author or editor can be found, begin the reference with the title of the book."
(p. 529) In the name-year system, the date would follow the title.
The Form:
Title. Date. Place of publication: Publisher.
An Example:
Directory of AIDS resources in the metropolitan
Washington area. 1988. Washington (DC): WTTG
Television.
ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR
(p. 528):
"An organization such as a university, society, association, corporation, or
governmental body may also serve as an author." (p. 528)
The Form:
Organization. Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication:
publisher.
An Example:
Advanced Life Support Group. 2001. Acute medical
emergencies:the practical approach. London (England):
BMJ Books.
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PART OF BOOK (EX-CHAPTER)
BY ONE OF THE AUTHORS
(p. 533):
"Chapters, sections, tables, charts, graphs, photographs, appendixes, and the
like are considered parts of books when they are written or composed by the
author or one of the authors of a book..." (p. 533) "...begin a reference to a
part of the book with the book itself, and follow it with the information on
the part..." (p. 533)
The Form for a Book Chapter (for example):
Author(s) or Editors(s) of the Book. Date. Title of the book.
Place of publication: Publisher. Chapter number, Title of
Chapter, Page numbers of chapter.
An Example of a Book's Chapter (for example):
Shakelford RT. 1978. Surgery of
the alimentary tract.
Philadelphia (PA): W.B. Saunders. Chapter 2, Esophagoscopy;
p. 29-40.
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PART OF BOOK (EX-CHAPTER) BY ANOTHER AUTHOR
(pp. 533-534):
"[Chapters, sections, tables, charts, graphs, photographs, appendixes, and the
like]...are treated as contributions when written by someone other than the
author or one of the authors of a book." (p. 533) "...begin a reference to a
contribution with information on the contribution, followed by the word 'In:'
and information about the book itself." (p. 533)
The Form:
Author(s) of the Part. Date. Title of the part. In:
Book's Author(s) or Editor(s). Title of the book. Edition.
Place of publication: Publisher. Page numbers of the part.
An Example:
Anderson RJ, Schrier RW. 2001. Acute renal failure. In:
Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Petersdorf RG, editors.
Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 15th ed. New
York (NY): McGraw-Hill. p. 1149-1155.
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Conference Proceedings & Papers
(p. 535):
"Conference proceedings often have 2 titles: the title of the book of
proceedings and the name of the conference. When both titles are present, begin
with the title of the book." (p. 535)
The Form:
Editor(s). Date published. Title of the
book. Name of the
conference; Date of the conference; Location of the
conference.
An Example:
Lambris JD. 2007. Current topics in innate
immunity.
Proceedings from the 4th International Conference on
Innate Immunity; 2006 Jun 4-9; Corfu, Greece.
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E-Resources:
ARTICLE FROM A JOURNAL IN A LIBRARY DATABASE
(p 558, & p. 553):
Note: To find a journal's abbreviated name,
go to the NCBI ("National Center for Biotechnology Information") Journals website,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals, and enter the
journal's name in the search box.
The Form:
Author(s). Date of publication.
Title of article. Abbreviated
Journal
Name
[Internet]. [Date article viewed];
Volume(issue):Pages.
Available from: URL by subscription.
An Example:
Young DB, Perkins MD, Duncan K,
Barry CE. 2008.
Confronting the scientific obstacles to global control of
tuberculosis. J Clin Invest [Internet]. [cited 2008 Nov 4];
118(4):1255-1265. Available from:
http://search.ebscohost.
com/login.asp?profile=bioabs by subscription.
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ARTICLE FROM A JOURNAL'S WEBSITE
(p. 558):
Note: To find a journal's abbreviated name,
go to the NCBI ("National Center for Biotechnology Information") Journals website,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals, and enter the
journal's name in the search box.
The Form:
Author(s). Date of publication. Title of
article. Abbreviated
Journal Name
[Internet]. [Date article viewed];
Volume(issue):Pages
if
given. Available from: URL
The article in this example does not have page numbers:
An Example:
Penman B, Gupta S. 2008. Evolution of virulence in malaria.
J Biol [Internet]. [cited 2008 Nov 4]; 7(22). Available from:
http://jbiol.com/content/7/6/22/
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E-BOOK
(p. 558, & p. 553):
The Form:
Author(s). Date of publication. Title
[Internet]. Edition.
Place of publication: publisher; [Date e-book viewed].
Available from: URL
An Example:
Tollefsen C. 2008. Biomedical research
and beyond:
expanding the ethics of inquiry [Internet]. New York (NY):
Routledge; [cited 2008 Nov 4]. Available from:
www.
netlibrary.com by subscription.
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WEBSITE---ENTIRE WEBSITE (p. 558):
The Form:
Title of the Homepage [Internet]. Date
of publication.
Edition. Place of publication: publisher; [Date updated
if given; date viewed]. Available from: URL
An Example:
Careers in biological sciences [Internet]. 2008. Washington
(DC): American Institute of Biological Sciences; [cited 2008
Nov 6]. Available from:
http://www.aibs.org/careers
WEBSITE---PART OF THE WEBSITE (p. 564):
"If the portion being referenced has authors (individual, organization, or
corporation) apart from the author of the entire Internet site, begin the
citation with the author(s) and title of the portion." (p. 564)
"If the portion being referenced has no author other than the author of the
site itself: ... Begin the reference by citing the homepage." (p. 564)
In the following example, the part of the website being referenced has no
author, so the reference begins with the title of the homepage, followed by
its publication date, and then its place of publication, and publisher. The
title of the part being referenced follows, along with its publication date,
the date it was viewed, and the url.
An Example:
UT Southwestern Medical Center
[Internet]. 2005. Dallas
(TX): University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
Holographic movies show promise for medical, military
applications; 2005 Jun 14 [cited 2005 Jun 26]. Available
from:
http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/
dept37389/files/228328.html
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Print Journals:
ENTIRE ARTICLE (p. 519):
Note: To find a journal's abbreviated name,
go to the NCBI ("National Center for Biotechnology Information") Journals website,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals, and enter the
journal's name in the search box.
The Form:
Author(s). Date. Article title.
Abbreviated Journal
Name.
Volume(issue):Page numbers.
An
Example:
Smart N, Fang ZY, Marwick TH. 2003. A
practical guide
to exercise training for heart failure patients. J Card Fail.
9(1):49-58.
PART OF THE ARTICLE (A TABLE, FIGURE, ETC.)
(p. 526):
"At times it may be desirable to cite a
separately identified portion of an article rather than the article as a
whole. Sections, tables, figures, charts, graphs, photographs, appendixes, and
the like are considered parts of articles when they are written or compiled by
the authors of the article. To cite only part of a journal article,
begin...with information on the article and follow that with information about
the part." (p. 526)
Note: To find a journal's abbreviated name,
go to the NCBI ("National Center for Biotechnology Information") Journals website,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals, and enter the
journal's name in the search box.
The Form:
Author(s) of the article. Date of the article. Article
title.
Abbreviated
Journal Name.
Volume(issue):Page numbers of
the entire
article. Name of part;
Page number(s) of part.
In the following example, the
date of the article is June 1990. The title of the article is "Innovations in
Clinical Practice through Hospital-Funded Grants." The page numbers for the
entire article are pages 355-360. The title of the part is "Figure 1, Cost and
net annual savings per study." The page number for the part is page 358.
An Example:
Franklin PD, Panzer RJ, Brideau LP, Griner PF. 1990 Jun.
Innovations in clinical practice through hospital-funded
grants. Acad Med. 65(6):355-360. Figure 1, Cost and
net annual savings per study; p. 358.
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Technical Reports:
(p. 537)
WRITTEN & PUB. BY ORG. CONDUCTING RESEARCH
(p. 538): The Form:
Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication:
publisher. Report number or Contract number or Grant
Number if given. Available from: Source and its Location;
Order number. Sponsored by Name of Sponsor if given.
An Example:
Moray NP, Huey BM. 1988. Human factors research and
nuclear safety. Washington (DC): National Academy
Press. Contract No.: NRC-04-86-301. Available from:
NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB89-175517. Sponsored by the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
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WRITTEN & PUB. BY ORG. FUNDING RESEARCH
(p. 537):
The Form:
Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication:
Publisher. Report number if given. Available from: Source
and its Location; Order number.
An Example:
Feller BA. 1981. Health characteristics of persons with
chronic activity limitation, United States, 1979.
Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics
(US). Report No.: VHS-SER-10/137. Available from:
NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB88-228622.
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WRITTEN BY ORG.
CONDUCTING RESEARCH & PUB. BY
ORG. FUNDING RESEARCH
(pp. 537-538):
The Form:
Author(s) (Name and Address of the Organization that
Conducted the Research). Date. Title. Edition. Place of
publication: publisher. Report number if given. Contract
number if given. Available from: Source and its Location;
Order number.
An Example:
Cooper LN (Department of Physics, Brown University,
Providence, RI). 1990. Theoretical and experimental
research into biological mechanisms underlying learning
and memory. Final progress report 1 Aug 88-31 July 89.
Washington (DC): Air Force Office of Scientific Research
(US). Report No.: AFOSR-TR-90-0672. Contract No.:
AFOSR-88-0228;2305;B4. Available from: NTIS, Springfield,
VA; AD-A223615.
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Theses & Dissertations:
"Many
dissertations, particularly those of US universities, do not state the place
of publication. When this occurs, obtain the city name from some other source
and place it within square brackets." (p. 540)
THESIS---IN A LIBRARY DATABASE, &
IN PRINT
(pp. 539 & 558, & p. 553)
The Form for a Thesis in a Library Database:
Author. Date. Title [master's thesis].
[Internet]. [Place of
publication]: Publisher; [Date viewed]. Available from: URL
by subscription.
An Example of a Thesis in a Library Database:
Burke J. 2007. Prevalence of antibodies
to West Nile Virus
in selected farm animals in central Oklahoma [master's
thesis]. [Internet]. [Edmond (OK)]: University of Central
Oklahoma; [cited 2008 Nov 6]. Available from:
http://
proquest.umi.com/pdqweb
by subscription.
The Form for a Thesis in Print:
Author. Date. Title
[master's thesis]. [Place of publication]:
publisher.
An
Example of a Thesis in Print:
Oviedo S. 1995. Adolescent pregnancy:
voices heard in the
everyday lives of pregnant teenagers [master's thesis].
[Denton (TX)]: University of North Texas.
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DISSERTATION---IN A LIBRARY DATABASE, & IN PRINT
(pp. 539 & 558, & p. 553):
The Form for a
Dissertation in a Library Database:
Author. Date. Title [dissertation].
[Internet]. [Place of
publication]: Publisher; [Date viewed]. Available from:
URL by subscription.
An Example of a Dissertation in a
Library Database:
Aoki SK. 2007. Contact-dependent growth
inhibition in
Escherichia coli [dissertation]. [Internet]. [Santa Barbara
(CA)]: University of California; [cited 2008 Nov 6].
Available from:
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb by
subscription.
The Form for a Dissertation in Print:
Author. Date. Title [dissertation].
[Place of publication]:
publisher.
An
Example of a Dissertation in Print:
Lutz M. 1989. 1903: American nervousness
and the
economy of cultural change [dissertation]. [Stanford (CA)]:
Stanford University.
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In-Text References
"In the name-year system, in-text references consist of the surname of the
author or authors and the year of publication of the document. Enclose the name
and year in parentheses." (p. 492)
An Example of an In-Text Reference:
The NIH has called for a change in
smallpox vaccination policy (Fauci 2002) that...
Other Examples of In-Text References:
(Click each one to go directly to the example):
AUTHORS WITH SAME LAST NAME & SAME YEAR
MULTIPLE DATES
MULTIPLE WORKS BY THE AUTHOR IN DIFFERENT YEARS
MULTIPLE WORKS BY THE AUTHOR IN THE SAME YEAR
NO AUTHOR
NO DATE
ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR
THREE OR MORE AUTHORS
TWO AUTHORS
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AUTHORS WITH SAME LAST NAME & SAME YEAR
(p. 493):
"When the authors of 2 works published
in the same year have identical surnames, include their initials in the
in-text reference..." (p. 493)
An
Example:
Earlier commentary on animal experimentation (Dawson J 1986; Dawson M 1986)
showed...
MULTIPLE DATES (p. 494):
"For in-text references referring to
publications with a range of dates, give the first and last years of
publication..." (p. 494)
An
Example:
(Johnson and Becker 1995-1999) observed
...
MULTIPLE WORKS BY THE AUTHOR IN DIFFERENT YEARS
(p. 493):
"Distinguish works by the same author published in different years by placing
the years after the author name in chronological sequence."
(p. 493):
An Example:
Smith's studies of arbovirus infections
(Smith 1970, 1975) have shown that...
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MULTIPLE WORKS BY THE AUTHOR IN THE SAME YEAR
(p. 493):
"For 2 or more works published by the same author in the same year, add an
alphabetical designator to the year in both the in-text reference and the end
reference." (p. 493)
An
Example:
Cold hardiness in cereals (Andrews
1960a, 1960b) is affected by...
NO AUTHOR (p. 494):
"Begin the in-text reference with the first word or first few words of the
title..." (p. 494)
An
Example:
Drug dosage recommendations for elderly
patients (Handbook ... c2000) depart from ...
NO DATE (p. 495):
"... place the words 'date unknown' within square brackets." (p. 495)
An
Example:
An early Belgian study (Lederer [date
unknown]) on nutrition showed ...
Then, in the List of References, [date unknown] would follow the name(s) of
the author(s) or editor(s).
Example:
Lederer J. [date unknown]. Alimentation ...
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ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR
(p. 494):
"... a shortened form may be created for the in-text reference to avoid
interrupting the text with a long string of words. Use the initial letter of
each part of the name or a readily recognizable abbreviation. For clarity, the
abbreviation appears as the initial element in the end reference within square
brackets." (p. 494)
An
Example:
The landmark report on legalized
abortion (IOM 1975) was ...
Then, in the List of References, the abbreviation appears in brackets at the
beginning of the reference:
End Reference:
[IOM] Institute of Medicine (US). 1975. Legalized abortion and the public
health; report of a study...
THREE OR MORE AUTHORS (p. 494):
"If a reference has 3 or more authors, give only the first author's name
followed by 'et al.' and the publication year." (p. 494)
An
Example:
... but later studies (Ito et al. 1999)
established that ...
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TWO AUTHORS (p.
493):
"If a work has 2 authors, give both names in the in-text reference..." (p.
493)
An
Example of 2 Authors with Different Surnames:
... and the most recent work on
albuterol administration (Mazan and Hoffman 2001) is ...
"If both authors have the same surname, add their initials." (p. 493) See the
following example:
An
Example of 2 Authors with the Same Surname:
(Smith TL and Smith UV 1990) concluded
their study was ...
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This page last updated on
January 28, 2010
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