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MLA Style:
Examples for a List of Works Cited*
Books
E-Resources
Government
Documents in Print
Journals & Newspapers in Print
Miscellaneous Sources
Theses & Dissertations
Videos
*See also
Endnotes
See
Margins, Page Numbers, Spacing,
Heading, & Title
For more
information, see the 6th edition of MLA Handbook for
Writers of Research Papers, which is available at the Reference
desk in the McNeese Library.
"Format of the List of Works Cited"
(MLA Handbook, pp. 145-46):
"The list of works cited appears at the end of the paper.
Begin the list on a new page and number each page, continuing
the page numbers of the text. For example, if the text of your
research paper ends on page 10, the works-cited list begins on
page 11. The page number appears in the upper right-hand
corner, half an inch from the top and flush with the right
margin...Center the title, Works Cited, an inch from
the top of the page. Double-space between the title and the
first entry. Begin each entry flush with the left margin; if
the entry runs more than one line, indent the subsequent line
or lines one-half inch (or five spaces...) from the left
margin...Double-space the entire list, both between and within
entries."
Note: The examples on this webpage are single-spaced, but a
Works Cited list is double-spaced,
as the MLA Handbook
explains. Double-space
between each line of an entry and between entries.
An Example of double-spacing:
Jin, Ha. Between Silences: a
Voice from China. Chicago:
University of Chicago
Press, 1990.
Hyperlinked Table of Contents:
(Click on
each part to go directly to the example)
Books
Anthology
Article Reprinted in a Reference Book
(for example, in Twentieth Century Literary Criticism)
Bible
Book
Book by Two or More Authors
Book (No Author Given)
Book (Second or Subsequent Edition)
Book with an Editor
Essay or Entry in a Reference Book
Multivolume Work
Two or More Books by the Same Author
(Return to the top of the page)
E-Resources
Article from a Journal in a Library Database
Article from a Magazine in a Library Database
Book Review from a Journal in a Library Database
E-Book
Essay in a Library Database
Government Document Online
Internet Site (Entire Site)
Internet Site (Portion of a Website)
Legal Source Online---a Case
Newspaper Article in a Library Database
(Return to the top of the page)
Government Documents in Print
Government Document (Author's Name Given)
Government Document (No Author Given)
Journals & Newspapers in
Print
Book Review
Magazine Article (Bimonthly or Monthly)
Magazine Article (Biweekly or Weekly)
Magazine Article (No Author Given)
Newspaper Article
Scholarly Journal Article
(Return to the top of the page)
Miscellaneous Sources
Cartoon or Comic Strip in Print
Interview
Legal Source in Print---an Act
Legal Source in Print---a Case
Performance
Song
Sound Recording
Work of Art
Theses & Dissertations
Dissertation
Thesis
Videos
(Return to the top of the page)
Books:
Anthology (p.
152):
"To cite an anthology or a compilation...that was edited or
compiled by someone whose name appears on the title page,
begin your entry with the name of the editor or compiler,
followed by a comma and the abbreviation ed. or
comp. (p. 152)
2 Examples:
Lopate, Phillip, ed. The Art of the Personal Essay: An
Anthology from the Classical Era to the Present. New
York: Anchor-Doubleday, 1994.
Sevillano, Mando, comp. The
Hopi Way: Tales from a
Vanishing Culture. Flagstaff: Northland, 1986.
A Work in an Anthology (pp. 158-60):
"If you are citing an essay, a
short story, a poem, or another work that appears within an
anthology...Begin the entry with the author and title of the piece,
normally enclosing the title in quotation marks. But if the
work was originally published independently (as,
e.g., autobiographies, plays, and novels generally are), underline its title instead..." (p. 158)
"Give the inclusive page numbers of
the piece you are citing. Be sure to provide the page
numbers for the entire piece, not just for the material you used."
(p. 158)
2 Examples:
More, Hannah. "The Black Slave Trade: A Poem."
British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Ed.
Paula
R.
Feldman. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1997.
472-82.
Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun.
Black Theater:
A Twentieth-Century Collection of the Work of Its
Best Playwrights.
Ed. Lindsay Patterson. New York:
Dodd, 1971. 221-76.
(Return to the top of the page)
Article Reprinted in a Reference Book (for example,
in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism)
(p. 160):
"To cite a
previously published scholarly article in a collection, give
the complete data of the earlier publication and then add
Rpt. in ("Reprinted in"), the title of the collection, and
the new publication facts."
An Example:
Holladay, Hillary. "Narrative Space in Ann Petry's Country
Place." Xavier Review 16 (1996): 21-35. Rpt. in
Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Linda
Pavlovski and Scott Darga.
Vol. 112. Detroit: Gale,
2002. 356-62.
"If the article was originally published under a different
title, first state the new title and publication facts,
followed by Rpt. of ("Reprint of"), the original title,
and the original publication facts." (p. 160)
(Return to the top of the page)
Bible (p. 255):
The Form:
Title of the version used. Editor's name if one
is given,
gen. ed. Place of
publication: Publisher, Date of
Publication.
An Example:
The New Jerusalem Bible. Henry Wansbrough, gen.
ed.
New York: Doubleday,
1985.
Book (pp. 147-48):
The Form:
Author. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher,
Date of
Publication.
An Example:
Fukuyama, Francis. Our Posthuman Future:
Consequences
of the Biotechnology Revolution.
New York: Farrar, 2002.
(Return to the top of the page)
Book by Two or More Authors (p.
154):
An Example:
Marquart, James W., Sheldon Ekland Olson, and
Jonathan R. Sorensen.
The Rope, the Chair, and the
Needle: Capital Punishment in Texas, 1923-1990.
Austin: U of Texas P,
1990.
(Return to the top of the page)
Book (No Author Given) (p. 163):
"If a book has no author's or editor's name on the title
page, begin the entry with the title... Alphabetize the entry
by the title, ignoring any initial A, An, or
The."
An Example:
New York Public Library American History Desk
Reference.
New York: Macmillan,
1997.
Book (Second or Subsequent Edition)
(p. 166):
An Example:
Bondanella, Peter. Italian Cinema: From Neorealism
to
the Present. 3rd ed. New York: Continuum, 2001.
Book with an Editor (p.
152):
An Example:
Weisser, Susan Ostrov, ed. Women and Romance: A
Reader. New York: New York UP, 2001.
(Return to the top of the page)
Essay or Entry in a Reference Book
(p. 161):
"When citing familiar reference books, especially those
that appear frequently in new editions, do not give the full
publication information. For such works, list only the edition
(if stated) and the year of publication."
An Example:
"Noon." The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989.
"When citing less familiar reference books, however,
especially those that have appeared in only one edition, give
full publication information."
An Example:
Harmon, Talia R. "Capital Punishment." Encyclopedia
of
Crime and Punishment. Ed. David Levinson. 4 vols.
Thousand Oaks: Sage,
2002.
(Return to the top of the page)
Multivolume Work - 3 Examples
(pp. 167-70):
"If you are using two or more volumes of a multivolume work,
cite the total number of volumes in that work..." (p.
167)
An Example:
Blanco, Richard L., ed. The American Revolution,
1775-
1783: An Encyclopedia. 2 vols. Hamden: Garland,
1993.
"If you are using only one volume of a multivolume work, state
the number of the volume..." (p. 168)
An Example:
Doyle, Arthur Conan. The Oxford Sherlock Holmes.
Ed.
Owen Dudley Edwards. Vol.
8. New York: Oxford UP,
1993.
"If you are using only one volume of a multivolume work and
the volume has an individual title, you may cite the book
without reference to the other volumes in the text." (p.
169)
An Example:
Durant, Will, and Ariel Durant. The Age of Voltaire.
New
York: Simon, 1965.
(Return to the top of the page)
Two or More Books by the Same Author
(p. 153):
"To cite two or more books by the same author, give the name
in the first entry only. Thereafter, in place of the name,
type three hyphens..."
An Example:
Borroff, Marie. Language and the Past: Verbal Artistry in
Frost, Stevens, and Moore. Chicago: U of Chicago P,
1979.
---, trans. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New York:
Norton, 1967.
---, ed. Wallace Stevens: A Collection of Critical Essays.
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1963.
(Return to the top of the page)
E-Resources:
Note- The 6th edition of the MLA Handbook
does not give examples of how to cite 1) a book review in a
library database, or 2) an essay in a library database, or 3)
a newspaper article in a library database. The following
examples of these citations are from suggested examples used
by other university libraries.
Article from a Journal in a Library Database - 2
Examples (p. 230):
"To cite material from a service to which a library...subscribes, complete the citation by stating the name of
the database used (underlined), if known; the name of the
service; the name of the library...
(with a city, a state abbreviation, or both if useful); and the date
of access. If you know the URL of the service's home page,
give it, in angle brackets, immediately after the date of
access, or you may simply end with the date of access."
The Form:
Author. "Title of the Article." Journal Name
Volume
Number Followed by
an Issue Number if There
is an Issue Number
with a Period in Between
(Date): Pages. Database.
Database Service.
Library, City, State.
Date of Access <URL/>.
An Example from "JSTOR" database:
Barnett, Bernice McNair. "Invisible Southern Black
Women
Leaders in the Civil
Rights Movement: The Triple
Constraints of Gender,
Race, and Class." Gender and
Society 7.2 (1993): 162-82. JSTOR. JSTOR. McNeese
Lib., Lake Charles, LA.
18 Feb. 2006
<www.jstor.org/>.
An Example from "MLA International Bibliography" database:
Ryan, Maureen. "Robert Olen Butler's Vietnam Veterans:
Strangers in an Alien
Home." Midwest Quarterly: A
Journal of Contemporary Thought 38.3 (1997):
274-94. MLA International
Bibliography. EBSCO.
McNeese Lib., Lake
Charles, LA. 12
Apr. 2006
<http://search.ebscohost.com/>.
(Return to the top of the page)
Article from a Magazine in a Library Database
(p. 229):
The Form:
Author if Given. "Title of the Article." Name of
Magazine
Date of Article: Page
Number or Numbers. Database.
Database Service. Lib., City,
State. Date of Access
<URL/>.
An Example from "Academic Search Complete" database:
Mcginn, Daniel. "The Power of the Sun." Newsweek
8 Oct.
2007: 56-58. Academic
Search Complete. EBSCO.
McNeese Lib., Lake
Charles, LA. 6 Feb. 2008
<http://search
ebscohost.com/>.
Book Review from a Journal in a Library Database:
The Form:
Author of the Review. Rev. of Title of the Book,
by Author
of the Book. Journal Name
Volume Number Followed
by an Issue Number if
There is One with a Period in
Between (Date): Pages.
Database. Database Service.
Library, City, State.
Date of Access <URL/>.
An Example from "JSTOR"
Database:
Ott, Thomas. Rev. of Haiti, History, and the Gods,
by
Joan Dayan. American
Historical Review 102.1
(1997): 231-32. JSTOR.
JSTOR. McNeese Lib.,
Lake Charles, LA. 3 Mar.
2006 <www.jstor.org/>.
(Return to the top of the page)
E-Book
(pp. 218-20):
Note- The 6th edition of the MLA Handbook has
examples of e-book citations, but not a NetLibrary e-book, so
the following example is from suggested examples used by other
university libraries.
The Form:
Author. Title of E-Book. Place of Publication:
Publisher,
Date of Publication.
Database. Database Service.
Library, City, State.
Date of Access <URL/>.
An Example:
Bloom, Harold. Mark Twain. Philadelphia: Chelsea
House,
1996. NetLibrary.
OCLC. McNeese Lib., Lake Charles,
LA. 18 Feb. 2006 <http://www.netlibrary.com/>.
Essay in a Library Database - 2 Examples:
The Form:
"Title of Essay." Source it was published
in originally.
Date of publication.
Database. Database Service.
Library, City, State.
Date of Access <URL/>.
An Example from "Literature Resource
Center":
"Anne Rice." Contemporary Authors Online. 2004.
Literature Resource Center. Thomson Gale. McNeese
Lib., Lake Charles, LA. 7
Mar. 2006
<http://infotrac.galegroup.com/>.
An Example from "Biography Resource Center":
"Michael Jordan." Notable Black American Men.
1998.
Biography Resource
Center. Thomson Gale. McNeese
Lib., Lake Charles, LA. 7 Mar. 2006
<http://infotrac.galegroup.com/>.
(Return to the top of the page)
Government Document Online
(pp. 220-21):
An Example:
United States. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice
and Delinquency Prevention. Law
Enforcement and
Juvenile Crime. By Howard N. Snyder. Dec.
2001. 29
June 2002 <http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/
191031.pdf>.
Internet Site
(Entire Site)
(pp. 216-17):
"The typical entry for an entire online scholarly project...or
professional site consists of the following items:
1. Title of the site (underlined)
2. Name of the editor of the site (if given)
3. Electronic publication information,
including...[the] date
of electronic publication or of the
latest update, and
name of any
sponsoring institution or organization
4. Date of access and URL"
"If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is
available." (p. 216)
The Form:
Title of the Internet Site. Ed. Name of the
Site's Editor
(if one is given). Date
of Publication or Latest Update.
Name of any Sponsoring
Institution or Organization.
Date of Access <URL/>.
An Example:
Victorian Women Writers Project. Ed. John Walsh.
Apr.
2003. Indiana U. 3 Mar. 2006
<http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/>.
Internet Site (Portion of a Website)
(p. 214):
The Form
"Title of Document." Title of the Internet Site.
Ed.
Editor's Name. Date of
Publication or Latest
Update. Name of any
Sponsoring Institution or
Organization. Date of Access
<URL/>.
An Example (p. 214):
"Selected Seventeenth-Century Events." Romantic
Chronology. Ed. Laura Mandell and Alan Liu. 1999.
U. of California, Santa
Barbara. 22 June 2002
<http://english.ucsb.edu:591/rchrono/>.
(Return to the top of the page)
Legal Source Online---a Case (pp.
206-07):
Note- The 6th edition of the MLA Handbook does
not give an example of an online legal source, so the
following example is from suggested examples used by other
university libraries:
An Example of a U.S. Supreme Court case on the
FindLaw website:
New York Times Co. v. Tasini. No. 00-201. Supreme Ct.
of the US. 25 June 2001.
FindLaw. Thomson FindLaw.
12 Mar. 2008 <http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/
supreme.html/>.
"In citing a case, include, in addition to the names of the
first plaintiff and the first defendant, the number of the
case, the name of the court that decided the case, and the
date of the decision." (p. 207).
(Return to the top of the page)
Newspaper Article in a Library Database:
The Form:
Author. "Title of the
Article." Newspaper Name Date,
Edition: Page.
Database. Database Service. Library,
City, State. Date of Access <URL>.
An Example:
Telhami, Shibley. "A Hidden Cost of War on Iraq."
New
York Times 7 Oct. 2002, late ed.: A19. LexisNexis
News. LexisNexis. McNeese Lib., Lake Charles, LA.
3 Mar. 2006 <http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/
lnacademic>.
(Return to the top of the page)
Government Documents in Print:
(pp. 174-76):
Government
Document (Author's Name Given):
"If known, the
name of the document's author may either begin the entry or,
if the agency comes first, follow the title and the word By
or an abbreviation (such as Ed. or Comp.)."
(p. 176)
An Example:
United States. Cong. A Descriptive Catalogue of the
Government Publications of the United States,
September 5, 1774-March 4, 1881. Comp. Benjamin
Perley Poore. 48th Cong.,
2nd sess. Misc. Doc. 67.
Washington: GPO, 1885.
Government Document (No Author Given):
"In general, if you do not know the writer of the document,
cite as author the government agency that issued it---that is,
state the name of the government first, followed by the name
of the agency." (pp. 174-75)
An Example:
United States. Dept. of Labor. Child Care: A
Workforce
Issue. Washington: GPO, 1988.
See also
Government Document Online
(Return to the top of the page)
Journals & Newspapers in Print:
"Abbreviate the names of all months except May,
June, and July..." (p. 185). See a list of these and other
abbreviations on page 263 of the MLA Handbook.
Book Review (p. 189):
The Form:
Reviewer's Name. "Title of Review if Given." Rev. of
Title of the Book Being Reviewed, by Author's Name.
Name of Journal in which the Review is Published Date
of Review: Page Numbers.
An Example:
Updike, John. "No Brakes." Rev. of Sinclair Lewis:
Rebel
from Main Street, by Richard Lingeman. New Yorker
4
Feb. 2002: 77-80.
(Return to the top of the page)
Magazine Article (Bimonthly or Monthly)
(p. 188):
The Form:
Author of the Article. "Title of the Article." Magazine
Name
Date: Pages.
An Example:
Paul, Annie Murphy. "Self-Help: Shattering the Myths."
Psychology Today Mar.-Apr. 2001: 60-68.
Magazine Article (Biweekly or Weekly)
(p. 187):
An Example:
Weintraub, Arlene, and Laura Cohen. "A Thousand-Year
Plan for Nuclear Waste."
Business Week 6 May 2002:
94-96.
Magazine Article (No Author Given)
(p. 190):
"If no author's name is given for the article you are citing,
begin the entry with the title. Ignore any initial A,
An, or The when you alphabetize the entry."
An Example:
"Dubious Venture." Time 3 Jan. 1994: 64-65.
(Return to the top of the page)
Newspaper Article (p. 186):
The Form:
Author of the Article. "Title of the Article."
Newspaper
Name Date, Edition: Page.
An Example:
Chang, Kenneth. "The Melting (Freezing) of Antarctica."
New York Times 2
Apr. 2002, late ed.: F1+.
Scholarly Journal
Article - 3 Examples (pp.
183-85):
"Most scholarly journals [have page numbers which run]
continuously throughout [the volume for the year]." (p. 182)
"Here [is an example] of the basic entry for [such an
article]:" (p. 183)
The Form:
Author of Article. "Title of Article." Name of
Journal
Volume Number (Year Published): Pages of Article.
An Example:
Mann, Susan. "Myths of Asian Womanhood." Journal of
Asian Studies 59 (2000): 835-62.
"Some scholarly journals do not number pages continuously
throughout an annual volume but begin each issue on page 1.
For such journals, you must include the issue number to
identify the source. Add a period and the issue number
directly after the volume number..." (p. 184)
The Form:
Author of Article. "Title of Article." Name of
Journal
Volume Number. Issue Number (Year Published):
Pages of Article.
An Example:
Albada, Kelly F. "The Public and Private Dialogue about
the American Family on
Television." Journal of
Communication 50.4 (2000): 79-110.
"Some scholarly journals do not use volume numbers at all,
numbering issues only. Treat the issue numbers of such
journals as you would volume numbers." (pp. 184-85)
The Form:
Author of Article. "Title of Article." Name of
Journal
Issue Number (Year Published): Pages of Article.
An Example:
Lajolo, Marisa. "The Female Reader on Trial." Brasil
14
(1995): 61-81.
(Return to the top of the page)
Miscellaneous Sources:
Cartoon or Comic Strip in Print
- 2 Examples (pp. 203-04):
"To cite a cartoon or comic strip, state the artist's name;
the title of the cartoon or comic strip (if any), in quotation
marks; and the descriptive label Cartoon or Comic
Strip, neither underlined nor enclosed in quotation marks.
Conclude with the usual publication information."
An Example of a Cartoon:
Chast, Roz. Cartoon. New Yorker 4 Feb. 2002: 53.
An Example of a Comic Strip:
Trudeau, Garry. "Doonesbury." Comic strip.
Star-Ledger
[Newark] 4 May 2002: 26.
Interview (pp. 202-03):
"Begin with the name of the person interviewed. If the
interview is part of a publication, recording, or program,
enclose the title of the interview, if any, in quotation
marks; if the interview was published independently, underline
the title. If the interview is untitled, use the descriptive
label Interview, neither underlined nor enclosed in
quotation marks. The interviewer's name may be added if known
and pertinent to your paper...Conclude with the appropriate
bibliographic information." (p. 202)
An Example:
Wiesel, Elie. Interview with Ted Koppel. Nightline.
ABC.
WABC, New York. 18 Apr. 2002.
"To cite an interview that you conducted, give the name of the
person interviewed, the kind of interview (Personal
interview, Telephone interview, E-mail interview), and the
date or dates." (p. 203)
An Example:
Pei, I. M. Personal interview. 22 July 1993.
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Legal Source in Print---an Act
(p. 206):
"If you are citing an act in the works-cited list, state the
name of the act, its Public Law number, the date it was
enacted, and its Statutes at Large cataloging number. Use the
abbreviations Pub. L. for Public Law and Stat.
for Statutes at Large."
An Example:
Aviation and Transportation Security Act. Pub. L.
107-71. 19 Nov.
2001. Stat. 115.597.
Legal Source
in Print---a Case (p. 207):
"In citing a case, include, in addition to the names of the
first plaintiff and the first defendant, the number of the
case, the name of the court that decided the case, and the
date of the decision."
An Example:
New York Times Co. v. Tasini. No. 00-201. Supreme Ct.
of the US. 25 June 2001.
Performance (concert, play, ballet, or opera)
(pp. 199-200):
"An entry for a performance...usually begins with the title, contains facts similar to those
given for a [video], and concludes with the site of the
performance (usually the theater and city, separated by a
comma and followed by a period) and the date of the
performance." (p. 199)
An Example:
Hamlet. By William Shakespeare. Dir. John Gielgud.
Perf.
Richard Burton. Shubert Theatre,
Boston. 4 Mar. 1964.
(Return to the top of the page)
Song
(p. 197):
"If you are citing a specific song, place its title in
quotation marks."
An Example:
Bono, Brian Eno, the Edge, and Luciano Pavarotti.
"Miss Sarajevo."
Pavarotti and Friends for the
Children of Bosnia. London, 1996.
Sound Recording (p.
196):
"List the title of the recording (or the titles of the works
included), the artist or artists, the manufacturer...and the year of issue (if the year is unknown,
write n.d.)."
An Example:
Holiday, Billie. The Essence of Billie Holiday.
Columbia,
1991.
(Return to the top of the page)
Work of Art
(painting, photograph, or sculpture)
(pp. 201-02):
"To cite a painting or sculpture, state the artist's name
first. In general, underline the title. Name the institution
that houses the work...or, for a work in a private collection,
the individual who owns it, and follow the name by a comma and
the city." (p. 201)
An Example:
Rembrandt van Rijn. Aristotle Contemplating the
Bust of Homer. Metropolitan Museum of Art,
New York.
"If you use a photograph of a painting or sculpture, indicate
not only the institution or private owner and the city but
also the complete publication information for the source in
which the photograph appears, including the page, slide,
figure, or plate number, whichever is relevant." (p. 201)
An Example:
Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child. Wichita Art
Museum. American
Painting: 1560-1913. By
John Pearce. New York:
McGraw, 1964. Slide 22.
"Cite a photograph in a museum or collection as you would a
painting or sculpture." (p. 202)
"To cite a personal photograph, begin with a description of
its subject, neither underlined nor placed in quotation marks.
Indicate the person who took the photograph and the date it
was taken." (p. 202)
An Example:
Saint Paul's Cathedral, London. Personal photograph
by author. 7 Mar. 2003.
(Return to the top of the page)
Theses & Dissertations:
Dissertation (p. 179):
"Cite a published dissertation like a book, but add pertinent
dissertation information before the publication facts. If the
work was published by University Microfilms International (UMI),
you may add the order number as supplementary information."
An Example:
Fullerton, Matilda. Women's Leadership in the Public
Schools: Towards a Feminist Educational Model. Diss.
Washington State U, 2001. Ann Arbor: UMI, 2001.
ATT
3023579.
Thesis (p. 179):
"To cite a master's thesis, substitute the
appropriate label (e.g., MA thesis, MS thesis) for Diss."
An Example:
Buss, Cameron. "Venice Rising." MFA thesis. McNeese
State U, 2002.
(Return to the top of the page)
Videos:
(pp. 198-99):
"A film entry usually begins with the title, underlined, and
includes the director, the distributor, and the year of
release. You may include other data that seem pertinent---such
as the names of the writer, performers, and producer---between
the title and the distributor... Cite a videocassette...[or a]
DVD...like a film, but include the original release date (if
relevant) and the medium...before the name of the
distributor."
An Example:
The Laramie Project. Dir. Moises Kaufman. Perf.
Christina Ricci, and
Steve Buscemi. 2002. DVD.
HBO Home Video, 2002.
(Return to the top of the page)
Endnotes:
Endnotes document throughout the research
paper the sources which were used.
"Number notes consecutively,
starting from 1, throughout a research paper" (MLA Handbook,
p.298). "...place a note number...at the end of the
sentence, clause, or phrase containing the material quoted or
referred to." (p. 299)
The MLA Handbook also explains how to do the list of
endnotes, which is entitled Notes:
"As their name
implies, endnotes appear after the [text of the research
paper], starting on a new page numbered in sequence with the
preceding page. Center the title Notes one inch from
the top, double-space, indent one-half inch...from the left
margin, and add the note number...Type a space and then the reference. If the note extends
to two or more lines, begin subsequent lines at the left
margin. Type all notes consecutively, double-spaced, and
number all pages." (MLA Handbook, p. 299).
Note that the list of endnotes and the list of works cited are
separate sections of the research paper. See
Some Differences Between Endnotes and the List of Works Cited.
An Example of 3 Consecutive First Endnotes
(Double-spaced)
(MLA Handbook, p. 300 & p. 311):
Note: The first endnote example is an anthology, the
second endnote example is a book, and the third endnote
example is an article from a journal in a library database:
1 Mando Sevillano, comp., The
Hopi Way: Tales from
a Vanishing Culture (Flagstaff: Northland, 1986) 53.
2 Harold Courlander, Hopi Voices: Recollections,
Traditions, and Narratives of the Hopi Indians
(Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico Press, 1982) 62.
3 Dennis Wall, "People of the Corn: Teachings in Hopi
Traditional Agriculture, Spirituality, and Sustainability,"
American Indian Quarterly 28 (2004): 425-53, MLA
International Bibliography, EBSCO, McNeese Lib., Lake
Charles, LA, 5 Mar. 2008 <http://search.ebscohost.com/>.
"...Subsequent references to the work require less
information..." (MLA Handbook, p. 298). "After fully
documenting a work, use a shortened form in subsequent
notes...include enough information to identify the work. The
author's last name alone, followed by the relevant page
numbers, is usually adequate" (MLA Handbook, p. 312).
An Example of a Subsequent Reference to the Work:
(MLA Handbook, pp. 312-13):
4 Sevillano 74-75.
Some Differences Between Endnotes and the List of Works
Cited:
1. In the first endnote for a
source, the author's name is written as the first name
followed by the last name (rather than in reverse order).
2. In the first endnote for a source, there is a comma after
the author's name rather than a period.
3. In the first endnote for a source, there is no period after the title.
4. In the first endnote for a source, the place of publication and the publisher are
in parentheses.
5. In the first endnote for a source, the first line is
indented and the second line begins at the left margin. (On a Works Cited page, the indentation is just the
opposite: the first line is even with the left margin and the subsequent lines are indented.)
(Return to the Top of the Page)
Margins, Page Numbers,
Spacing, Heading, & Title:
Margins:
"Except for page numbers, leave margins of one inch at the top
and bottom and on both sides of the text. Indent the
first word of a paragraph one-half inch (or five spaces) from
the left margin." (p. 132)
Page Numbers:
"Number all page numbers consecutively throughout the research
paper in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the
top and flush with the right margin. Type your last name
before the page number...Do not use the abbreviation p.
before a page number or add a period...or any other mark or
symbol." (p. 134)
Spacing:
"A research paper must be double-spaced throughout, including
quotations, notes, and the list of works cited." (p. 133)
Heading:
"A research paper does not need a title page. Instead,
beginning one inch from the top of the first page and flush
with the left margin, type your name, your instructor's name,
the course number, and the date on separate lines,
double-spacing between the lines." (p. 133)
The Form:
Your Full Name
Professor Name of Your Teacher
Your Course Number (for example, English 102)
Today's Date Written as Day Month Year
Title:
"Double-space [after the heading] and center the title.
Double-space also between the lines of the title, and
double-space between the title and the first line of the
text...Do not underline your title or put it in quotation
marks or type it all in capital letters. Follow the rules for
capitalization..., and underline only the words that you would
underline in the text..." (p. 133)
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This page last updated on
April 01, 2008
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